A Study on Prediction of Abnormal Operating Conditions of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) using Nodal Analysis: A case study in Horizontal Well of Oil Reservoir in the Permian Basin.
- Alternative Title
- 노달분석을 이용한 전기잠수정펌프의 비정상작동상태 예측에 대한 연구: 퍼미안 분지의 오일저류층 수평정에서의 사례연구
- Abstract
- This study proposed a method for predicting the abnormal ESP operation, such as gas locking, intake plugging, and fluid leakage losses using nodal analysis: A horizontal well of the Permian basin was considered as a case study. For this purpose, first, a study on nodal analysis was conducted when gas locking occurred. The density of mixed fluid corresponding to each gas volume fraction (GVF) was calculated using a homogeneous model. The pressure difference (dP) between the intake and discharge point of the pump was calculated by the density of the mixed fluid. Then, the calculated values were used as input data to perform the nodal analysis through Schlumberger's pipesim simulation. In particular, this study defined abnormal states when the pump intake and discharge pressure is out of the limit error (±5%) range; respectively, thereby critical GVF can be calculated at each condition. For verification, the nodal analysis result was compared with other surging correlation models (e.g., Romero, Dunbar, and Turpin models) and field case studies. It was confirmed that the model results were similar to the surging correlation model and agreed with field case studies. Modeling permits careful monitoring of ESP operations that can be compromised by free gas. Besides, ESP intake plugging was evaluated using the rate derating factor. Intake plugging factor (IPF) was used to reflect the intake plugging of the pump. The flow rate derating factor and new ESP rotation speed were calculated through IPF. Based on this, the TPR curve was calculated to predict changes in oil production, pump intake pressure, and annulus liquid level. In the field case, pump intake pressure and annulus liquid level were maximum in the range of 55-60% of IPF. The values were maintained constant in the above range. Additionally, fluid leakage due to seal wear in the pump can occur. The fluid leakage was evaluated using the head derating factor. Both head derating factor and ESP rotation speed were calculated by increasing the seal clearance. Due to this phenomenon, the TPR curve was changed according to fluid leakage in the pump, thereby reducing oil recovery and increasing the liquid level in the annulus. In the field case, it was confirmed that the annulus liquid level was rapidly increased when the head derating factor decreased from 1 to 0.44 but gradually increased when it decreased from 0.44 to 0.26. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the nodal analysis can predict abnormal ESP operation since it delineates the ESP problem such as gas problems, fluid leakage, and intake plugging, which compromise the ESP performance; thereby, the variations of TPR or IPR affects oil production, pump intake pressure, and annulus liquid level. Thus, it will help to prepare for ESP failure monitoring in advance.
- Issued Date
- 2022
- Awarded Date
- 2022. 2
- Type
- Dissertation
- Keyword
- Electrical submersible pump (ESP) Gas locking Horizontal well Intake plugging Leakage losses Nodal analysis
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- Alternative Author(s)
- 이란지 조셉
- Affiliation
- Pukyong National University, Graduate School
- Department
- 대학원 에너지자원공학과
- Advisor
- Han Am Son
- Table Of Contents
- 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Literature Review 2
1.2. Problem Statement 3
1.3. Objectives 4
2. Theoretical Background 5
2.1. Geology of Delaware Basin, Permian Basin 5
2.2. Well Information 6
2.3. Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) 8
2.3.1. Vogel Correlation for Vertical Two-Phase Flow 8
2.3.2. Back-pressure Equation for Vertical Gas Well 9
2.3.3. Babu&Odeh Equation for Horizontal Oil Well Flow 9
2.3.4. Pseudo Steady-State-Flow for Horizontal Gas Well 11
2.3.5. Pseudo Steady-State Multi-Phase Flow for Horizontal Well 12
2.4. Tubing Performance Relationship 14
2.4.1. Hagedorn & Brown Correlation for Vertical Multiphase Flow 14
2.4.2. Beggs and Brill Correlation for Horizontal Multiphase 15
2.5. Nodal Analysis 16
2.6. Schlumberger PIPESIM Software 18
2.7. Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) 19
2.8. ESP Failures 20
2.8.1. Gas Locking 21
2.8.2. ESP Intake Plugging 23
2.8.3. ESP Leakage Loss 24
3. Material and Method 28
3.1. Gas Locking 28
3.1.1. Homogenous Model 29
3.1.2. Nodal Analysis Simulation Model 30
3.1.3. ESP Abnormal Operating Point Prediction 31
3.1.4. Model Validation and Interpretation 36
3.2. Intake Plugging 39
3.2.1. Rate Derating Factor Calculation 39
3.3. Leakage Losses 41
3.3.1. Head Derating Factor Calculation 41
3.4. Nodal Analysis Simulation for Intake Plugging and Leakage Loss 42
3.4.1. Affinity Law for Nodal Analysis Simulation 44
3.4.2. Nodal Analysis Model Description 46
3.4.3. Variation of ESP Performance due to Plugging and Fluid Leakage Condition 49
4. Result and Discussion 52
4.1. Gas Locking 52
4.1.1. Comparison of TPR and IPR Curve 52
4.1.2. Pd and PIP deviation 56
4.1.3. Nodal Analysis versus Surging Prediction Models 57
4.1.4. Nodal Analysis Result versus Field Example 59
4.2. Intake Plugging 59
4.2.1. Variation in TPR-ESP Curve and ESP Operating Point 59
4.2.2. Variation in PIP and Ldyn 60
4.2.3. ESP Performance Degradation 61
4.3. Leakage Loss 62
4.3.1. Variation in TPR-ESP Curve and ESP Operating Point 62
4.3.2. Variation in PIP and Ldyn 63
4.3.3. ESP Performance Degradation 64
5. Solution to Gas and Solid Plugging Problem 66
5.1. Gas Problem Solution 66
5.1.1. Annulus Gas Venting 66
5.1.2. Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Application 68
5.2. Solid Plugging Solution 68
5.2.1. Inorganic Solid Plugging 69
5.2.2. Solid Plugging Prevention 70
5.2.3. Solid Plugging Removal 71
6. Conclusion 73
References 75
요 약 85
Acknowledgments 86
- Degree
- Master
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