공동주택 하향식 피난구 피난실험을 통한 에이전트 이동모델 개발

Abstract

With the gradual increase in building heights, especially apartments, and with the legalization of balcony extensions, escape ladders for top-down emergency exits are being installed in an increasing number of buildings to assist with evacuation if the entrance cannot be easily reached. In addition, because of the proposed partial revision of the Enforcement Decree for the Act on Fire Prevention and Installation, Maintenance, and Safety Control of Fire-Fighting Systems promulgated in August 2021, high-rise apartments, which were previously excluded from the scope of performance-based designs, have now been included. For this reason, it has become imperative to establish baseline data for implementing future performance-based designs. As part of this study, the time required for each evacuation stage with an escape ladder from a top-down exit was determined through actual evacuation experiments. Moreover, a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the level of awareness of evacuation procedures and the presence of escape ladders in the event of a fire in an apartment. The evacuation experiment measured the total time required for each of the following steps: ① opening the door; ② lowering the ladder; ③ taking the first step; and ④ going down to the lower floor. Research results demonstrated that the time necessary for each stage varied significantly by gender and age, in the stages of ‘ taking the first step’ and ‘going down to the lower floor’. The average time required for the ‘going-down’ stage was estimated to be 19 seconds. In the questionnaire survey concerning the awareness of emergency escape ladders, the results indicated that the actual awareness level of evacuation facilities was very low among apartment residents. Thus, it was considered essential to improve the education and system among apartment residents for using and maintaining evacuation facilities.