문화예술형 도시재생의 공공성에 관한 연구

Abstract

The cultural and artistic urban regeneration has become an important means to promote urban development and to shape urban branding in recent years, which has attracted the great attention of many post-industrial countries. However, significant ambiguitiy remains in the literature regarding the evaluation of its effectiveness nowadays, and it seems that there is a lack of the appropriate perspective to approach the cultural and artistic urban regeneration. While in today's society where the trend of individualization and atomization is increasingly prominent, publicness with great emphasis on the public interests and public value is also becoming a core issue. Because of its inherent connection between cultural and artistic urban regeneration and publicness, this dissertation aims to provide a reference for the sustainable development of cultural and artistic urban regeneration by exploring the public characteristics of typical urban regeneration cases under the leadership of different subjects. From a contextual perspective, this dissertation reviews the literature on the western theories of publicness first, and then it draws on the related theories of East Asian public sociology and public philosophy, combined with the historical traditions and cultural characteristics of East Asian societies, to redefine the concept of publicness from a sociological perspective. Further, based on the subject of the project and the spatial distribution, three cultural and artistic urban regeneration cases in Busan are selected to discuss the existing forms, characteristics, and problems of publicness in different types of cases, and this dissertation tries to propose some suggestions for publicness reconstruction. From a specific structural perspective, this dissertation is composed of six chapters, and the second, the third, the fourth, and the fifth chapters are forming the main part of it. The first chapter is the introduction. This chapter mainly discusses the research purpose, research method, and research object of the dissertation, and it also briefly outlines the overall conception of it. The second chapter discusses the key concepts, theoretical framework, and literature review of this paper. This chapter firstly summarizes the typical publicness theories in western sociology, mainly focusing on the propositions of Arendt, Habermas, and Taylor on the concept of publicness, the loss of publicness in modern society, and how publicness can be reconstructed, etc. Then, by referring to the publicness view of East Asian sociology and public philosophy, as well as to the relevant research findings, this chapter constructs the research dimensions and the analytical framework of this dissertation. The third chapter is the analysis on the publicness of the government-led cultural and artistic urban regeneration through the Busan Opera House project. Applying Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice, this chapter figures out the characteristics of publicness from the review and analysis of official documents, interviews with relevant personnel, and multimedia data on the contradictions among the relevant stakeholders in the progress of the Busan Opera House project. The progress and results of the Busan Opera House confirmed the legitimacy of the government’s involvement in the field of art, and they also reflected the importance that civic groups and ordinary citizens attached to the construction of a comprehensive cultural space in Busan. Although the public opinion formed by citizens' feedbacks has limited influence on the progress of the project, it highlights the awakening and development of East Asian citizens. Meanwhile, the problem of the lack of publicness in the project cannot be ignored. On the one hand, it is the problem of elitism and adaptability of art ontology; on the other hand, there are public financial problems and procedural publicness problems caused by the absolute dominance of the government. The fourth chapter is a discussion on the publicness of PlanB Cultural and Artistic Cooperative which has the nature of civic groups and their important urban regeneration project KANGKANGEE Arts Village. PlanB adopts the form of social economy to construct a network that is conducive to the development of regional culture and publicness in Busan. It shows the publicness of different dimensions such as finance, procedures, public welfare purposes, multi-stakeholder participation, and enhancement of citizens' cultural rights. From the operation of KANGKANGEE Arts Village project that PlanB is in charge of, these characteristics of publicness are also displayed, and at the same time, the publicness of locality and sustainability of the project are also highlighted in details. However, there are also some potentials to improve, such as the coordination of the relationship between the cooperating stakeholders and the imbalanced focusing of art content planning, which shows a slight insufficiency in the reflective and critical formation of publicness. The fifth chapter examines the publicness characteristics of cultural and artistic urban regeneration led by both artists and the government through the case of urban regeneration of Gamcheon Culture Village. Gamcheon Culture Village is a classic case of urban regeneration through public art projects, and the public art itself has its own publicness: participation in discourse generation, openness in communication space, diversity in media presentation, and anti-elitist in value orientation, etc. Artists participating in the public art projects not only demonstrate the pluralism of individual artistic aesthetics, but also surpass themselves to pursue a public value that contributes to the development of the entire region. During the course of the project for many years, Gamcheon Culture Village has highlighted the participatory publicness that integrates public and private interests, and the sustainable publicness that balances preservation and regeneration. However, there are also several publicness problems such as the new village community has not yet been formed; the commercialization of villages has led to a certain imbalance in the relationship between subjects; and the authenticity of art has been lost. The sixth chapter is the conclusion, which mainly summarizes the research focus of this dissertation, reflects on the publicness reconstruction of cultural and artistic urban regeneration, and provides insights for the publicness reconstruction of related projects in China.