연근해어업의 어획능력 분석을 통한 수산자원 관리 개선에 관한 연구

Abstract

Although the government is operating various policies and systems to manage fisheries resources, it is thought that a more systematic resource management policy is needed as the production of coastal and offshore fisheries continues to decrease. In this study, after identifying the types and production of coastal and offshore fisheries, we analyze the correlation between these policies, systems and fishery production. In addition, it was recommended to manage fisheries resources in the future by analyzing the fishing capacity of coastal and offshore fisheries. The total fishery production in Korea was 3.83 million tons in 2019, increased about 19.8% compared to 1990. However, coastal and offshore fisheries decreased by 37.9% to 915,000 tons. Coastal and offshore fisheries recorded the highest production of about 1.62 million tons in 1996, and then continued to decline, and in 2016, it decreased below 1 million tons for the first time recorded 910,000 tons. In particular, in 2019, compared to 1996, it has decreased by almost half. Coastal fishery maintained a similar level, but offshore fishery has decreased by about half, indicating that the proportion of coastal fishery is gradually increasing. Looking at the changes in production by type of offshore fishery, the purse seine fishery declined from about 32.7% in 1990 to about 31.1% in 2019. In addition, the dragged net fishery and the stow net fishery decreased from about 29.0% and 15.9% in 1990, respectively, to about 21.3% and 8.2% in 2019. On the other hand, anchovy tow net fishery, gill net and potting fishery increased from about 7.5% and 5.8% in 1990 to about 16.8% and 13.2% in 2019. And the jigging and longline fishery increased from about 5.3% in 1990 to about 7.1% in 2019. Looking at the total number of fishing vessels in Korea, it was found that it decreased by about 34.0% from 94,135 in 1992 to 65,835 in 2019. As of 2017, the amount of fisheries resources in coastal and offshore was about 3.04 million tons, which is about 60% of the resource for sustainable fishery production. As a result of analyzing the business conditions of coastal and offshore fisheries, it was found that the cost and income of fishery increased in all types of fishery compared to 1990 and 2019. Fishery profit decreased only in jigging among offshore fishery, while all other fisheries increased. Although the production and the number of fishing vessels in coastal and offshore fisheries are continuously decreasing every year, the CPUE per fishing vessels in coastal and offshore fisheries continues to increase every year. As of 2019, the offshore fishery increased by about 53.3% compared to 1992, and the coastal fishery increased by about 32.2%. The CPUE per fishing vessels showed a larger increase in offshore fishery than in coastal fishery. The CPUE per tonnage of fishing vessels showed that the offshore fishery continued to increase every year, but the coastal fishery showed little change. On the other hand, the CPUE per horsepower of fishing vessels continued to decrease every year for both offshore and coastal fisheries. The fishing capacity was analyzed using the DEA method for coastal and offshore fisheries. According to the results, despite the decrease in the amount of fisheries resources and the decrease in the number of fishing vessels, there was a trend of increasing fishing capacity. As of 2019, it was analyzed that the fishing capacity of the offshore fishery was excessive by about 33.2%. This means that to catch 548,159 tons of catch in 2019, it is possible to catch 66.8% of the current catch, so the remaining 33.2% of the catch is unused fishing capacity. Coastal fishery was analyzed to have no excess fishing capacity with 100% CU as of 2019. This means that the current fishing capacity is sufficient to catch 187,887 tons of catch in 2019. The average CU from 1992 to 2019 for each type of offshore fishery was compared and analyzed. The fishery with the highest CU was the jigging and longline fishery with about 84.2%, and the lowest fishery with about 64.2% was the gill net and potting fishery. It is thought that the jigging and longline fishery is managing the amount of fishing effort well by reducing about 800 fishing vessels from 1994 to 2019. On the other hand, as the gill net and potting fishery reduced about 649 fishing vessels, it is thought that the fishing effort is not well managed. According to the results of this study, it was found that, above all, management of fishing capacity is necessary for sustainable operation of coastal and offshore fisheries. And for the management of fishing capacity, I believe that policies on the systematic and scientific operation of TAC as well as the reduction of coastal and offshore fishing vessels should be promoted.