자원기반관점 역량이 사회적기업 재무성과와 지속가능성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

Despite the recent quantitative growth of Social Enterprises and the positive effect of creating jobs for the underprivileged, problems such as professionalism, management know-how, financial instability, and poor management performance after the end of government support continue to exist. Social Enterprises prioritize the realization of social values. However, Social Enterprises will also need to be self-sustaining through a stable financial structure in order to achieve sustainable management and growth as a for-profit enterprise. In order for Social Enterprises to settle and develop, it is necessary to analyze the performance and sustainability of social enterprises. To this end, this study intends to comprehensively analyze the factors that directly or indirectly affect the performance and sustainability of Social Enterprises. To verify the research model and hypotheses, a survey was conducted on 2,846 Social Enterprises nationwide from April 14 to May 31, 2021. Among them, the main results of the empirical study verified on 268 sample companies are as follows. First, Strategic thinking was found to have a significant effect on financial performance and sustainability. Strategic thinking is an important skill that Social Enterprise managers should possess. Managers must respond well to changes in the business environment according to information and knowledge about competitors, strategic goals, concentration of internal capabilities, and market trends. This will enhance the financial performance of Social Enterprises and enable sustainable management. Second, Social purpose was found to have a significant effect on financial performance and sustainability. Social purpose is an important element of the establishment purpose of a Social Enterprise. Efforts to improve the natural environment, social welfare, social service-related activities, and charitable relief activities are key factors in realizing social values. This will enhance the financial performance of Social Enterprises and enable sustainable management. Third, Price competitiveness and customer retention were found to have a significant effect on financial performance. Price competitiveness refers to optimizing changes in demand according to market conditions, predictive power, price determination, price analysis of competitors, and cost structure. Customer retention rate is to increase existing customer retention, ability to acquire new customers, customer repurchase rate, product and service loyalty, and customer satisfaction. This will increase the financial performance of social enterprises. Fourth, Moral beliefs were found to have a significant effect on sustainability. Moral beliefs are characteristics and behaviors that indicate compliance with laws and ethical standards, high moral awareness, and balanced judgment. This will enable sustainable management of Social Enterprises. Fifth, The number of vulnerable employees used as a control variable factor was found to have a negative (-) effect on financial performance and sustainability. This is an indirect expression of the sustainable management of a Social Enterprise. It can be seen that the number of vulnerable employees is adjusted by type in the past and present Social Enterprise certification systems. Therefore, If research related to the performance of Social Enterprises develops Social Enterprises and creates a market that realizes the friendly image and social values ​​of Social Enterprises themselves, Social Enterprises will take their place as a major player in Korean corporate society.