EU 정책 거버넌스의 민주성 확립

Abstract

The goal of this research is to explore the way to overcome the democratic deficit of governance in the EU through the analyses the participation of sub-national actors in policy-making. To begin with, it might be essential to understand the unique characteristics of the European Polity. At the present time, the global social phenomenon of globalization makes the sovereign nations required for the active exchange and interdependence that subsequently mutual influence across all sectors of society is being expanded. European Union can be an example that the traditional nation's transformation, in which the power of policy-decision is spread and shared with variable actors that is positioned in different areas. So called Multi-level governance has been developed to explain the change of a nation-state's ruling mechanism, and this must be an instrument that comprehends the dynamic governing system of the EU. According to multi-level governance, decision making competencies are shaped by actors at different levels rather than monopolized by national government. That is to say, supranational institution-above all, the European Parliament, the European Commission, and the European Court- have independent influence in policy making that cannot be derived from their role as agents of national executives. National governments play an important role but, according to the multi-level governance, one must also analyze the independent role of European-level actors to explain European policy making. To examine this paradigm and its application on the understanding of the polity of EU, this research is based on the Principle of Subsidiarity that is a central part of the Union's constitutional identity and, as such, crucial to an understanding of the European project. According to the society view, subsidiarity can be defined as the intervention at higher levels of society has to be subsidiary to the smaller social units. In the EU context, the subsidiarity has been referred to decentralization and diversity. The subsidiarity can be an organized principle for the sharing of competence and responsibilities between the European Union and the Member States. The "Open Method of Coordination(OMC)“ could be a useful device for realizing the subisidiarity in some core areas of European policies. The OMC has been adapted in the Lisbon Strategy which and is a relatively young instrument of EU policy coordination. It is applied in a number of different fields. OMC is about creating a common discursive context at European and Member State level by means of benchmarking, the dissemination of best practices, mutual learning and peer pressure. OMC is thus not only concerned with outcome, but also with improving policy formation. According to De la Porte and Pochet, OMC is that the whole ethos of this process rejects the top-down imposition of policy and emphasizes cooperation and a non-binding mode of operation. Central to this process is the notion that the centre, whether at EU or Member State level, does not possess a monopoly of knowledge. Adaptation of OMC in policy-making can best be seen in the social policy area. It allows for effective policy choices at the national level, but also improves policy making through the promotion of common objectives and common indicators. This is also achieved comparative evaluation of national policy performance. The features of OMC can also be seen in the Territorial cohesion policies that have become an accepted goal of the European Union, on a par with economic and social cohesion. By analysing the OMC policy making process, we may consider the EU's democratic way of governing, including the new mode of governance in which different levels of actors could be involved.