「ノダ」의 기능에 관한 고찰

Abstract

This paper is about the function of 「ノダ」. The purposes of this paper are to examine what functions 「ノダ」 has beside explanation of reason, emphasizing, and euphemistic expression, and what places each function has. About the functions of 「ノダ」, [expression structure] proposed by 吉田茂晃 (Yosida Sige Aki)(1988) was re-categorized, focusing on [intention of utterance] in terms of pragmatics. The number of the functions proposed by Yosida Sige Aki(1988) are 11, and they are characterized by the morphological definitions of 「一句一文」(one phrases into one sentence)and 「二句一文」(two phrases into one sentence). However in terms of pragmatics which consider important utterance intention of speakers and interpretation by listeners, it is difficult to indentify utterance intention by morphological definitions. Therefore, in this paper, we don't make a morphological definition, and re-categorized the functions of 「ノダ」 to 12 categories according to intentions of speakers, considering the connections with previous contexts. Among the work of the new categorization, a new function of 《やわらげ》(yawarage) came out. Breaking down the properties of 《やわらげ》, we have 14 functions of 「ノダ」in total. By discovering the function of 《やわらげ》, we could find out the existence of [euphemistic expression]. Certainly, we have the limits to analyze the definitions and characteristics, but we think that the presentation of the function will have an important role to identify the nature of 「ノダ」. Also, we found that [information representation] has the largest part among the features of 《やわらげ》. We assume that because of the reason above, the [modality of explanation] and its function have been represented as [explanation] in defining 「ノダ」so far. However, it is not true that just some parts of the 「ノダ」's functions could be considered as the whole of 「ノダ」. Then, in order to find out what places the functions of 「ノダ」 which appeared by re-categorization have in sentences, we examined the functions in terms of the prototype theory. First, we observed 「ノダ」from view of [modality], then examined what places the functions of 「ノダ」 have within [modality] according to their characteristics. We can see that 「ノダ」 is not an independent existence, rather a continuum in a line. 「ノダ」with the nature of [explanation modality] can have the characteristics not only of [information system], also of [action system]. Besides, within [modality], 「ノダ」can have different features according to whether the focuses are on [statement events] or [utterance and deliverance]. Therefore, the functions of 「ノダ」 can have different features according to where their focuses are on, and it can have the functions of [information representation] as well as [information demanding]. Accordingly, we can tell that 「ノダ」has two functions largely, [information representation] and [information demanding], and the 14 functions by re-categorization are the characteristics of 「ノダ」. As a result, 「ノダ」 has the functions of [information representation] and [information demanding], and it can have different features as a continuum, not as an individual, according to where their focuses are on.