딸의 비만에 영향을 미치는 어머니, 할머니의 비만과 환경적 요인

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine maternal, grandmaternal obesity and environmental factors influencing daughter's obesity. The study subjects were female students of the Department of Food and Nutrition in three National universities in Korea. Mothers and grandmothers of the female students were also included: 182 daughters, 147 mothers, and 67 grandmothers. The data were collected by questionnaires. The statistical analysis was performed with SAS software 9.1. This survey was conducted from April 18th to the June 17th, 2011.

The results can be summarized as follows ; 1. The frequency of meals per day was significantly different (p<0.001) between generations. Most of subjects were non-smokers. The distributions of drinking and having disease were significantly different (p<0.001) between generations. 2. Physical activity was significantly higher (p<0.001) for the mothers than for the daughters and the grandmothers. Age at menarche showed a significant (p<0.001) decrease from the oldest to the youngest generation. 3. The daughters had a higher intake of nutrients including carbohydrate, protein, fatty acid, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B12, phosphorus, fluorine, iodine, and molybdenum than the mothers and grandmothers had. Intake of nutrients including carbohydrate, protein, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B12, phosphorus, and selenium in the mothers was higher than that in the daughters and the grandmothers. 4. The mean height was significantly (p<0.001) from the oldest to the youngest generation. The mean weight of the mothers was 55.77kg and it was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the daughter's weight. The mean BMI was significantly higher (p<0.001) for the mothers and the grandmothers than for the daughters. The distributions of BMI were significantly different (p<0.001) t between the generations. 5. Dieting attempts were significantly different (p<0.001) among daughters with different BMIs. Physical activity of underweight grandmothers was 310.16METs and it was significantly higher (p<0.01) than in normal-weight and overweight grandmothers. The intake of copper, fluorine, and iodine were significantly different (p<0.05) among grandmothers with different BMIs. 6. Physical activity of the grandmothers was significantly positively associated with physical activity of the daughters and the mothers. Age at menarche of the grandmothers was also significantly positively associated (p<0.01) with age at menarche of the mothers. 7. Height of the daughters was significantly positively associated with maternal height and weight and with grandmaternal height. Weight of the daughters was significantly positively associated with BMI and with maternal height and BMI. A significant positive association (p<0.001) was found between maternal height and weight. Grandmaternal weight was significantly positively associated (p<0.001) with BMI. 8. The adjusted OR was 8.48 (3.61-19.93) for the daughter's height when maternal height was 161-175cm, compared with the daughter's height when maternal height was 149-155cm. The adjusted OR was 3.78 (1.73-8.28) for the daughter's height when maternal weight was 59-80kg. The daughters who had mothers with the highest educational level had a more than three times higher OR for the daughter's higher height than did daughters with mothers who had the lowest educational level (elementary school). The adjusted ORs for the daughter's weight with dieting attempt and menarche younger than 12 years were 3.77 (1.82-7.82) and 3.44 (1.34-8.83), respectively. The adjusted OR for the daughter's weight was 2.38 (1.01-5.57) when the maternal weight was 59-80kg, compared to the daughter's weight when the maternal weight was 40-52kg.