응용광물학적 활용을 위한 주요 산지별 전기석의 특성 연구

Abstract

Abstract

Tourmaline is a type of silicate mineral, and the only mineral which has the permanent electrical property in natural state. Therefore, expanding its application in the areas of environment and health protections depending on its physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties has great significance. In this study, black tourmaline produced in China, black and pink tourmalines produced in Brazil and black tourmaline produced in Korea as well as jade minerals such as jadeite, nephrite, serpentine and agate produced in China, nephrite produced in Korea, serpentine produced in North Korea and nephrite produced in Russia were analyzed and their nuclear resonance characteristics were identified through electron microscopy(SEM) observation, X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis, X-ray fluorescence(XRF) analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) analysis, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy(FT-Raman) analysis, far-infrared(FIR) analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analysis and anion(IC) analysis. In addition, the tourmaline and jade minerals for mineralogical, chemical and optical properties, and spectroscopic characteristics for the radiated energy were examined. In order to investigate the health effects of surfactant characteristics, a questionnaire survey, that how tourmaline-containing soap affects the skin of fifty individuals, were carried out. By observing through polarized light microscopy and electron microscopy, tourmaline shows columnar crystalline or granular aggregate pattern. Striation developed in the vertical direction due to the difference of the generated environment are also observed. By analyzing the studied samples’ formula, unit cell absorption coefficient and infrared spectral characteristics, the Korean sample is categorized to the iron tourmaline, and the China and Brazil ones represent the characteristics of the magnesium tourmaline. According to the results from chemical composition analyses, the tourmaline is categorized two types. The one shows that Fe is dominant in Y-site where metal element distributed and the other shows that Al is dominant in that site. Furthermore, the two elements indicate appropreate correlation. As Al content is increased, Mg content is also increased while Fe content is decreased. The composition ratios of K/Ca, and Na/K also show reasonable correlations. Fe/B content ratio in a solid solution indicates same pattern. CaO / (CaO + Na2O) and MgO/(FeO+MgO) content ratios show highly positive correlation. Tourmaline produced in different regions has various microelements and those concentrations which are relatively low. In case of jade mineral, Russian nephrite has very high content of Cr, Cu, and Zn categorized the environmentally toxic heavy metals compared to the ones produced in other regions. The reactions between water and tourmaline, and water and jade mineral show that the pH and Eh play a regulatory role and the values of pH and DO(dissolved oxygen) increase with the reaction time prolonged. The more the content added to tourmaline, the higher the pH value, and then it finally gets stable at pH = 8. In case of tourmaline, DO is lower than that of jade mineral and its values vary widely. The DO value in tap water reacted with tourmaline powder is slightly increased during the initial six hours, then dramatically reduced after one day( < DO = 9.6 ), and gradually increased from the third to the fifth day. The initial pH value in distilled water shows the range from 7.22 to 7.26 and indicates a weak increase during the 12 hours, and a tendency to decrease after five days. In case of jade powder added to water, pH value is lower(6.08-6.15) than that of the initial stage for tourmaline and water reaction, shows a similar change over time and pH tends to maintain from 6.05 to 6.11 after 5 days . Through the FT-IR analysis, tourmaline samples show relatively low transmittance in the short-wavelength range and the intensity of the absorption spectrum shows almost same pattern. The wavelength and intensity of the absorption spectra of tourmaline depend on the content and crystallographic characteristics of the constituent elements. Furthermore, the radiation deceases as iron content increases. In the viewpoint of tourmaline composition and the its spectroscopic characteristics for the particle samples, far-infrared radiation between the contents of Si and Fe shows highly positive (+) correlation, while those of Al and Mg presents negative (-) correlation. In the viewpoint of the correlation between the anion content of tourmaline and far-infrared radiation for particle samples, the components of F-, Cl-, and NO32- present relatively positive (+) correlation. On the other hand, it can be seen that the far-infrared radiation increases crystallographically with the increase of the constants of A axis. As a result from comparing the radiation and spectral energy between tourmaline and jade mineral, jade mineral has higher energy, and purgatory has the highest energy among jade minerals. After tourmaline powder and particles are put into distilled water for some time, the result of 17O-NMR analysis of them shows that tourmaline can result in the reduction for the full width at half maximum(FWHM) and change of the FWHM is greater than that resulted from the jade minerals & water reaction. The reaction of distilled water with tourmaline powder and particles shows that the distilled water would be alkalinized, and main anions generated from this reaction are Cl-, F-and SO42-. Tourmaline has heat effects which can affect the human body's temperature, pulse and blood pressure. In high temperature fomentation, the body temperature is increased from 0.5 ℃ to 1.5℃, heat effect lasts, and pulse could be increased with an average of 12 times, blood pressure is raised at 10mg Hg. The result of comparison between jade and tourmaline poultices shows that tourmaline poultice is more reliable than that of jade. Tourmaline soap presents very good aesthetic effect on the skin. Especially it is confirmed that tourmaline soap usually has improved effects on the skin problems such as allergy and atopy. The study result from applied mineralogy on tourmaline produced from major areas is expected to provide useful data for the research on environment and health care. Tourmaline has medical effects, therefore, it is necessary to do further more study in this areas in the future.