중국 개혁개방 이후 농촌 노동력 이주의 역사과정 및 영향요인 분석

Abstract

Abstract

In this study, the historical process of rural labor migration to cities in the conversion period of China was summarized. Based on this, the influencing factors of rural labor migration were analyzed and concluded. Finally policy advice was given to promote the development of urbanization and economy in China. Since the implementation of economic reform began in 1978, China has experienced rapid social transformation and change. One of the most striking phenomena in this process is a large-scale rural labor migration to cities, its social and economic impacts are broad and far-reaching. In stages of the conversion, rural labor migration has different characteristics, the influencing factors are various and complex. Therefore, in this study, the historical process of rural labor migration to cities in the conversion period of China was summarized. Then the quantitative analysis was done on the characteristics of the factors such as household registration system, labor market segmentation, migration cost, urban unemployment scale and rural-urban income inequality. Additionally, based on the Todaro model, econometric model was established. The impacts of urban-rural income gap, urban unemployment scale, and China’s unique regime on rural labor migration were stressed by macroeconomic data analysis. From the study, it was found that the rural-urban income gap remained as the main attraction for rural labors. Although the urban unemployment scale hindered rural labor migration to a certain extent, new employment opportunities in the city were more attractive to rural labors; In addition, China's policy system is becoming looser for rural labor migration to city, however, the institutional problem of dual urban and rural household registration system still existed as the biggest obstacle for rural labor migration to cities.