1930년대 시에 나타난 후각 이미지의 사회․문화적 의미

Abstract

Abstract

This study was written based on view of olfaction to explore social and cultural meaning of olfactory image shown on poetry in 1930s. Social and cultural study methodology from view of olfaction enables meaning of poems with olfactory image to be discovered again to establish value of poems. This also would contribute to development of poetry in sensory level. The logic of becoming consciousness and socialization of olfaction is originated from instinctive recognition. Olfaction becomes consciousness by sensory function of body while becomes ideology by thoughts of individual or a group. And as ideology of a certain society passes down to generations, it becomes cultural symbolic system of olfaction. Especially, olfaction is close to environment of actual world in that olfaction is directly connected to life consciousness and is open sense. This is the very reason that olfaction frequently causes direct behavioral response and shows past-oriented characteristic. Nonetheless, olfaction becomes a standard for judging moral and value in mental areas. Accordingly, if olfactory image aspects of poem are close to instinct, existence as biological being is distinguished. On the other hand, if olfactory image aspects of poem are close to ideology or it is symbolized, existence as socialized being is distinguished. The study results are as follows. Desire for self-preservation and identity of smell shown in chapter Ⅲ reveals phases of most instinctive consciousness and socialization. This chapter often shows process of becoming consciousness which tries to seek source through mainly memory or unconsciousness on olfactory level. This would be expression of sense for survival in several aspects in response to Fascism policy under Japanese ruling. This can be desire for self-preservation as a human being in Imago Dei, or to maintain existence of individual or a group. During period under Japanese ruling, there was longing for source which anyone in our nation would have. And there was awareness to keep ethnic pure blood. These things were expressed in olfactory sense. Identity of smell represented existential crisis of I in reality microscopically. But macroscopically, identity of smell represented existential crisis of nation as a social human. Thus, Identity of smell is associated with problems of individual and nation in 1930s. Resistance against power and political aspect of smell on chapter Ⅳ is ideology of olfaction to guard nation’s position as a socialized existence. Political aspect of olfaction is a part which shows direct behavior much in that although political aspect of olfaction already became ideology, this stirs instinct in the relation with power. By such characteristic of olfaction, smell is used as literary and political means. This is related to the fact that in this chapter are many poems of KAPF poets. Especially, poems with olfactory image in 1930s show dual conflicts of racial class view and capitalism class view caused by colonial situation. And class view of gender discrimination is related to the fact that Japan used patriarchal ideology for colonial class. This is the very reason for that view of class is a symbol of modern times. In the conflicts between classes, Japan was mainly high class while Korean people were under class. So, poets in 1930s showed aspects of struggle and resistance to secure political and social position. As individual’s recognition of reality based on race became ideology through poems with olfactory image, racial value system was constructed. Ambivalent conflict of culture and aesthetic appreciation of smell in chapter Ⅴ can be a phase where consciousness and socialization of olfaction was sublimated most. However, when considering characteristic of olfaction, mental value shown on this chapter might come from problems of real world. Aesthetic appreciation of smell is inner value to resist colonial modernization and culture. If Japanese imperialism properly used tradition and modernity to control Korean cultural consciousness, poets in then times properly used these two strategies as intellectual movement to prevent cultural ambivalence. They pursued mental aesthetics from national tradition, whereas, they refused artificial aesthetics provided from colonial modernization. This is spiritual willingness of poets that they reflect reality at starting point of ontology to newly begin. This spirit represents willingness that the poets protect nation’s cultural identity through archetype consciousness and group ideology when such identity was disappearing due to colonial modernization. The poets reflected that they could not protect their nation and people from Japan. This reflection and moral of then times became an ideology. By the reason, smells pursuing inner value of culture can be spiritual value of Korean people which reflects reality of then times. Thus, poems with olfactory image reflect individual or a group, and several social and cultural phenomena in 1930s directly and indirectly. Problems in real world in 1930s from perspectives of olfactory characteristics were very different from problems seen from other senses. The poems revealed several problems in 1930s focused on their characteristics.