기형도 시의 담론 주체 연구

Abstract

Abstract

This study investigated poem text written by Gi Hyeong-do in the level of 'discourse' that can include both directions of external viewpoint focused on history and biography, and internal viewpoint focused on text. This is because such investigation can not only bring positive effect including internal and external viewpoints but also enable 'reality of subject' collected from poem text written by Gi Hyeong-do to be read properly at the level of discourse only. Poems of Gi Hyeong-do could not be explored as poems clearly included to category of Deconstruction poems or Urban poems which were literary main stream in 1980s. This is because the signifiants of his poem text continuously show ironic aspects while completing 'string in integrated relationship' in the midst of horizontal and vertical relations in overlapping way. That is, as there exist continuous correlations between 'discourse content' and 'discourse activity' through whole discourse style, discourse subject in a poem is not clearly disclosed on the boundary between 'subject of discourse content' and ‘subject of discourse activity’ in text, as if discourse subject of poem incessantly takes obscure position. But from the view of discourse's level, rather, this is a phenomenon brought by effect of implicit ironic expression which deeply lures readers as 'subject of discourse activity' to poetic space. This is not simple ironic phenomenon from rhetoric viewpoint but ironic phenomenon as following result that readers are actively lured to discourse space of poetry and then, subject in text and readers are closer each other. This point makes poems of Gi Hyeong-do be distinguished from contemporary Urban poems or Deconstruction poems. Therefore, this study premised that 'subject' in poem text of Gi Hyeong-do can be read in omni-directions only in the discussion order of various discourses including Antony Easthope. With the premise, ironic aspects of 'discourse subject' collected from poem text of Gi Hyeong-do were explored. Discourse of poem text written by Gi Hyeong-do is based on topographical map of urban discourse and power discourse in 1980s. As capitalism makes more systemized society for human, on the other hand, this produces desire that intends to be free from the power. Each individual gets to live urban routine life in the ideological social structure of capitalism which is transparent but has more firm structure unconsciously. Individual's identity is cracked and is degraded to fractional anonymous existence to each other. And Individual deconstructs one's own body and self, and wants to realize desire of escape beyond boundary of actual time and space. This study largely classified ironic aspects where signifiants in poem text of Gi Hyeong-do have relationship with each other, into three and then, arranged discourse subjects. And content of discourse told by each collected subject was classified into two items again. First, the author mentioned viewpoint of 'subject of recognition', that is, how the era is recognized - through multilayer aspect of meaning in signifiants, unreasonable life in city and structure of violent reality are told. Next is viewpoint of 'subject of strategy' with ironic strategy of ambivalence in statement style. With the viewpoint, the poems represent tragical situation of the era as if confessing - the past and present is mixed in the poems. Or the poems objectively testify process of maldistribution of power by excessive political power. There are two subjects in the viewpoint. One subject intends to escape from unreasonable reality but the other subject says return to reality with recognition on impossibility of escape. These 'behavioral subjects' of two types split themselves and appear in anonymous voice. In the end, this viewpoint has non-identity. The characteristics of discourse is that signifiants of text and discourse process composed of signifiants have organic mutual relationship as 'integrated string'. Likewise, each unit of the main text of this study was progressed in the context of forming 'process of integrated connection' towards one larger discourse(cohered whole). Accordingly, this study figured out that attitude and strategy with which subject in poem text of Gi Hyeong-do read in the discourse space responds to ideology of oppression crossing whole politics, economy, and culture in 1980s, are realized in ironic aspects. Based on this, points where poems of Gi Hyeong-do are distinguished from other contemporary poems, were discussed on the whole. Finally, this study, as unsolved task, adds that if internal and external correlations between subjects of 'discourse content' and ‘discourse activity' which come from relationship of material signifiants in poem text of Gi Hyeong-do are observed in detail, characteristic in tone of Gi's poems is not limited to personal melancholy but can be connected to melancholy of the age. This is because the characteristic can be an important clue through which poems of Gi Hyeong-do would take a new position in the korean poetic history.