유치원 교사의 감정노동이 소진에 미치는 영향

Abstract

The Effect of Kindergarten Teacher‘s Emotional Labor on their Burnout

Son Ick Gyo

Early Childhood Education Graduate School of Education Pukyong National University

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine what about difference between emotional labor and burnout, and the relationship & influence between emotional labor and burnout, according to the establishment entity of membership kindergarten targeting kindergarten teachers who are working at public and private kindergartens in Busan area. This aims to obtain implications for grasping which emotional labor the kindergarten teachers are doing and for minimizing burnout in the aspect of emotional labor.

The following are the specific research problems according to the objective of this study. 1. Is there difference between emotional labor and burnout in kindergarten teachers according to the establishment entity of membership kindergarten? 2. What about relationship between emotional labor and burnout in kindergarten teachers? 3. What about influence of kindergarten teachers' emotional labor upon burnout?

This study carried out questionnaire survey targeting teachers at public and private kindergartens in Busan Metropolitan City and used totally 277 copies in statistical analysis. It used the scale that Lee Jin-hwa (2007) modified and used ELS (Emotional Labor Scale), which was used in Gilstrap (2005)'s research, in order to measure emotional labor. A burnout test tool was used the scale that Gang Hak-gu (1996) adapted MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) in Maslach and Jackson (1981).

Data analysis according to research problems is as follows. For research problem 1, independent t-test was carried out after calculating descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). For research problem 2, Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out. For research problem 3, the regression analysis in a phased input method was carried out.

The following are the conclusions of this study. First, public kindergarten teachers performed many natural behaviors out of emotional labor. On the other hand, private kindergarten teachers were performing relatively more superficial behaviors. Also, the private kindergarten teachers were suffering the higher psychological burnout compared to the public kindergarten teachers. Second, both public & private kindergarten teachers showed negative correlation with the whole burnout in the natural behavior and internal behavior. In the superficial behavior, it wasn't statistically significant. However, the private kindergarten teachers were higher in positive correlation level with burnout compared to the public kindergarten teachers. Third, kindergarten teachers' emotional labor has influence upon burnout. The emotional labor factor, which has the greatest influence upon burnout, included the natural behavior for public kindergarten teachers and the internal behavior and superficial behavior for private kindergarten teachers. This study has its significance in a sense of having clarified a fact that the kindergarten teachers' emotional labor, which has been implicitly thought to likely have influence in the meantime, has influence upon teachers' psychological burnout, and especially of having been able to know that there is difference between emotional labor and burnout according to the establishment entity of membership kindergarten.