조건표현「と」「たら」「なら」「ば」의 교과서 분석

Abstract

Textbook Analysis of Conditional Expression 「と」「たら」「なら」「ば」 - Focusing on the text of 7'th Japanese Language Course -

kang hee Han

Graduate School of Education Pukyong National University

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the cause, why condition expression is not distinguished even in the high level of Japanese language, in the highschool Japanese textbook and present the direction how to progress, deeming that it is resulted from the stage to meet Japanese language for the first time. As a study method, this research has analyzed the frequency and meaning usage of the condition expression, the example sentences of 「と」, 「たら」, 「なら」, and 「ば」, appeared in the textbook I (12 sorts) and textbook II (6 sorts), then it has been compared with the examples appeared in dramas for comparative analysis with living Japanese. The meaning usage has been classified in more detail than conventional 3 classes of general condition, limited condition, and subjunctive condition, which is shown as follow. 「と」is divided into 1) actual situation, 2) continuity of action, 3) situation of discovery, 4) moment/cause, 5) general relation, 6) habitual relation, and 「たら」 is divided into 1) establishment of subjunctive condition, 2) situation of behavior constitution, 3) situation of discovery, 4) moment/cause, 5) entirely true sentence, 6) conditional sentence against truth. 「なら」 has been divided into 1) feeling of listener, 2) continuity and presentation of conversation topic, 3) parallel relation, 4) prediction of future, 5) subjunctive expression, 6) complex deduction, and 7) emphasized meaning of ナラ, and 「ば」 has been divided into 1) expected expression, 2) general relation, 3) habitual relation, 4) parallel condition, 5) entirely true sentence, and 6) sentence against truth. Following conclusion has been obtained after analyzing the frequency and meaning usage of each expression. First, the most frequently appearing meaning usage of 「と」 is the actual situation in both textbook and drama. However, most of the expressions in textbook were asking the direction. Second, 「たら」 is appearing too much often for the meaning usage of 「たら」. The meaning usage most frequently appearing is the establishment of family situation both in textbook and drama. In the textbook, however, most of them are the expression based on the sentence pattern. Third, the biggest difference between textbook and drama can be found in 「なら」. The expression 「なら」is little dealt with in textbook, and most of the example sentences are biased only in the meaning usage of continuity and presentation of conversation. In drama, however, it is used mostly in the subjunctive expressions. It is the use of 「なら」that is not distinguished the most, even for the high level Japanese users. Fourth, 「ば」 is used as an expression of obligation, 「must do ～」, in almost every example of textbook, which is the literary type education against the 7th curriculum for enhancing the conversation capability. It is same as the meaning usage appearing most frequently in drama as an expecting expression, which is a literary type example sentence biased to the sentence pattern. In the analysis result of example sentences in the textbook, the most frequently appearing expression in the meaning usage of 「と」, 「たら」, and 「ば」 is matching both in textbook and drama. However, most of the expressions are sentence pattern in the textbook. In case of 「なら」, it is known that subjunctive expression is appearing the most often in drama, which is little dealt with in textbook. The most important part that should be dealt with in the basic Japanese course is to fix firmly the fundamental character of each expression. In case of the meaning usage used most frequently, also, it would be necessary to present various expressions for skilful learning as well as the sentence pattern expressions. As the usage of condition expression in Japanese language is too much complex and similar with each other, it can be said to be important learning the skill through various sentence patterns from the beginning.