천연물 및 초정수압 처리에 의한 고등어육 중의 히스타민 생성 억제 효과

Abstract

Histamine or scombroid fish poisoning is a type of food poisoning with symptoms and most common symptoms are an allergy-like form. Scombroid poisoning generally is one of the most frequently reported human illness associated with seafood because that results from eating fish belonging to the families Scomberesocidae and Scombridae, which typically include mackerel. The mackerel contains large amounts of free L-histidine in muscle tissue. The causative agent of scombroid poisoning is histamine that is produced from free histidine due to the action of bacterial histidine decarboxylase (HDC). Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of natural materials and high hydrostatic pressure treatment on histamine production in mackerel. First, antimicrobial activity on histamine-producing bacteria that are mesophilic bacteria Morganella morganii and psychrotrophic bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum of medicinal herbs and seaweeds were investigated by disk diffusion method and MIC test. The results of antimicrobial test, S. chinensis hot water and ethanol extracts and E. cava ethanol extract were shown the antibacterial activity against M. morganii and S. chinensis hot water and ethanol extract, S. sagamianum and E. cava ethanol extracts were shown the antibacterial activity against P. phosphreum by disk diffusion method at a level of 5 mg/mL. As a result of measuring the MIC in extracts of these natural materials against M. morganii and P. phosphoreum, respectively, S. chinensis hot water and E. cava ethanol extracts were exhibited the antimicrobial activity at 2 mg/mL against M. morganii. S. sagamianum ethanol extract was shown the most excellent antibacterial activity at 0.015625 mg/mL followed by E. cava ethanol and S. chinensis hot water extracts at 0.125 and 1 mg/mL against P. phosphoreum, respectively. To verify inhibitory activity of natural materials against crude HDC from M. morganii and P. phosphoreum L-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate was used as substrate. The inhibitory activity of S. sagamianum ethanol extract among natural materials extracts against crude HDC from M. morganii showed the most highest inhibitory activity with 81.10% followed by E. cava and E. bicyclis ethanol extract with 33.79 and 19.82% at 1 mg/mL, respectively and E. cava ethanol extract was exhibited the most highest inhibitory activity against crude HDC from P. phosphoreum with 31.75% followed by E. bicyclis ethanol extract with 25.08% at 1 mg/mL. To obtain phlorotannin, dieckol, E. cava and E. bicyclis ethanol extract were isolated using liquid-liquid extraction, silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. Dieckol showed higer inhibitory activity than ethanol extract with 68.24% at 1 mg/mL and an IC50 value of 0.61 mg/mL. Another test was performed for inhibition effect on HHP against HDC. The crude HDC treated with HHP showed lower activity than the untreated that depending on increasing pressure. In addition, these were applied to mackerel and their inhibitory effect on histamine production was also examined. The histamine content in mackerel muscle treated with natural materials extracts and HHP decreased as compared to the untreated mackerel.