The regulatory Effect of Veratric acid on NO Production in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells
- Abstract
- Veratric acid, a simple benzoic acid derived from plants and fruits, has been reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and blood pressure-lowering effects. This study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of veratric acid on nitric oxide (NO) production in inflammatory response. It was found that veratric acid inhibited NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory effects of veratric acid on the generation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was determined. Furthermore, veratric acid facilitated the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), STAT-1, and STAT-3 in dose-dependent manner. Notably, NF-ĸB and members of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family including p38, ERK, and JNK were dephosphorylated by veratric acid. Veratric acid also showed regulatory effect on iNOS expression in TNF-α-stimulated human keratinocytes and TPA-treated mouse skin tissue. These findings suggest that the treatment of veratric acid might be effective in neutralizing the over-expression of NO in skin inflammation
- Issued Date
- 2013
- Awarded Date
- 2013. 8
- Type
- Dissertation
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- Alternative Author(s)
- Choi, Woo Suk
- Affiliation
- 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 미생물학과
- Advisor
- 김군도
- Table Of Contents
- 1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Animal treatments
2.2 Cells and reagents
2.3 Cell viability assay
2.4 Nitrite determination
2.5 Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
2.6 Western blot analysis
2.7 Immunofluorescent microscopy
2.8 Statistical analysis
3. RESULTS
3.1 Veratric acid has no cytotoxic effect on normal cell lines, but reduces NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 and BV-2 cells
3.2 Veratric acid negatively regulates NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 and BV-2 cells
3.3 Veratric acid negatively regulates the expression of IFN-γ and IL-6 via the inactivation of STAT-1 and -3, respectively, in RAW264.7 cells
3.4 NF-κB phosphorylation is inhibited by veratric acid in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells
3.5 LPS-induced MAP kinases are down-regulated by veratric acid in RAW264.7 cells
3.6 Veratric acid suppresses TNF-α-induced iNOS expression in HaCaT cells and Balb/C mice
4. DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. 국문초록
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
8. REFERENCE
- Degree
- Master
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