자연과 화해 : 『샬롯의 거미줄』의 생태주의 영향

Abstract

Charlotte's Web is a work of children's literature; one of three books Elwynn Brooks White wrote for children. White’s three works of children's literature included Stuart Little, Charlotte's Web and The Trumpet of the Swan. He depicted the preciousness of life and a sense of nature for humans to communicate with. Charlotte's Web in the ecological literature resonates the essence of nature in literature that expands the base of ecological consciousness, reveal the inner reflection of the human on ecology. From this viewpoint, the eco-liberal discussed the value of this work to analyze the liberal attitude and background naturally. Biospherical egalitarianism is oriented from Naess who claims of the seven characteristics of deep ecology. The logic of the alternative point is to emphasize the principles of diversity and symbiosis that are closely related to Charlotte's Web. The deep ecological scholar Plumwood suggests the concept of ecological self in the relationship. The ecological self can be understood as kind of self involved in the symbiotic relationship of the entire ecosystem. White with these eco-liberal elements in his work of nature and human communication are consistently emphasized. Animals in Charlotte's Web, speak to other animals. Therefore, Charlotte's Web can be interpreted as allegorical. White however, doesn’t show simply that the animals are speaking, but also focuses on the behavior of animals, by nature giving a message to the humans. He focuses on communication between humans and nature. The creatures start communication between humans and nature as the protagonist Fern begins with the claim of equality. Biospherical egalitarianism is recognized as the premise of communication between humans and nature in Charlotte's Web. The body of this study of Charlotte's Web, when viewed from the ecological perspective, among a variety of ecological flows, are a match in deep ecology. The contents of the main subject in this study are divided into three tenets. These are biological egalitarianism, according to nature's purity and self-realization, ecological, natural and human communication, due to the principle of diversity and symbiotic eco-liberal elements shown in Charlotte's Web. Charlotte's Web’s communication between humans and nature, can be divided into two parts. First, Fern claims she is equal to Wilbur while trying to save Wilbur. She argues that there is biospherical equality between Wilbur and herself. She goes to the barn every day to see Wilbur. Fern is recognized as an equal to the animals in the barn and listens to the stories of the animals. Communication between Fern and the animals is made by the organization of biospherical egalitarianism. Next, human language in the spider's web to save Wilbur is sent by nature as a message to humans. The human beings and animals should be considered equally natural. The communication structure is consistent with the claims of liberal ecology, human and nature, communicates repeatedly across the inevitability of natural differences. Animals should be ecologically attributable to being imaginary, and not put it in the sub-rational of human. Through his other children's literature, there is a willingness to communicate between humans and nature, as it consistently appears in The Trumpet of the Swan. Therefore, the significance of this paper is to illuminate the elements of the ecological principle of diversity and symbiosis appeared in White's Charlotte's Web. In addition to illuminate how biospherical egalitarianism and self-realization play a role and to elucidate ecological liberal reflection that contained the communication between human and nature. Charlotte's Web aims to make all the animals and humans as literary ecological works; It also aims to show humans, nature, animals, and earth demonstrate equivalent qualifications, shows we all following the principle of life.