중국과 한국의 초기 근대신문 형성과정에 관한 비교

Abstract

A Comparative study of the forming process of the Chinese and the Korean modern newspaper

Guo Na

Department of Mass Communication The Graduate School of Pukyong National University

Abstract This study mainly investigates the similarities and differences of initial stage modern press release of China and South Korea . In 19th Century, the emerging bourgeoisie, which opposed the feudal social system of the middle ages, had appeared on the new historical stage of Asia. The emerging bourgeois had formed fixed political power, advocated the freedom in public opinion and publication, and disseminated their propositions. They got rid of feudalistic natural economy and formed new capitalist economic system. Modern press had integrated class character, which was used as props, thus social public opinion institution had occurred. It can be seen from the concept of modern press of the two countries that foreigners had exerted great influence to the press development of such two countries. In China, the earliest modern press generated by Chinese emerged in reform movement process of capitalists in the 19th Century, who yearned for striding towards modernization by the state. In South Korea, the naissance of earliest modern press had inseparable correlation with the formation of new political force-civilized faction and, the publicity campaign of capitalist reform movement. Such period occurred in the press of modern significance and developed in the process of anti-feudal capitalist reform movement and patriotic movement. For repelling the old feudalistic ruling order and promoting national modernization, capitalist reformers disseminated their own reform thought, and utilized some popular reporting and publicizing measures for boosting mass enlightenment. As per press release time range and the sequence including the system, contents and reader group of press of the two countries, this paper applied data analysis method to carry out the selection, analysis, and comparison via looking up previous studies, literatures and theses. The results obtained from the comparison on the release and development process of modern press of the two countries via the above method is in conformity with the following conclusions. Firstly, seen from the perspective of desirability of modern press, modern Chinese press started from the missionaries of western countries, while the consciousness of modern Korean press was aroused via Japan, so the necessity of modern press of the two countries were reached via the introduction of foreigners. Secondly, with the development of the culture of the two countries, and the continuous increase of the demand on knowledge and information of readers, the necessity of possessing such targeted daily news was gradually noticed. Thirdly, under the stimulation of modern press release by foreigners, the earliest modern press in China operated by Chinese with private capital was released, while Korean government directly offered support to its modern press from finance and administration. Fourthly, after Sino-Japanese War, the strong abrupt rising of democracy expressed the political prospect and opinion via press, and similarities can be seen in China and South Korea in this regard. Fifthly, the two countries all had literary revolution, China officially achieved vernacular Chinese movement and South Korea officially achieved Korean word popularization movement. At the beginning, the continuity embodied in literal form was only observed; with the extensive development of literary movement, it was found that readers were likely to accept the thought disseminated in press, which aroused extensive concern. Sixthly, seen from social development of the two countries, press had become the communication tool of all classes of society. Thus, the ruling class had formulated various laws to restrict press, governing the opinion direction and freedom of the press via law. Keyword: Modern press, China, South Korea, DailyNews, PoliticalNews, LiteraryMovement, Freedom of the Press