중국 신형 농업경영주체의 경영모델에 관한 연구

Abstract

Since the 21st century, China's agricultural and rural economy has achieved a leap forward development, and the outlook of agricultural and rural areas has changed. Compared with the past, China's agricultural production is developing rapidly, farmers' lives are significantly improved, and the rural economy is fully prosperous. In 2017, the contribution rate of China's agricultural science and technology progress has jumped to 57.5%, food production has achieved "14consecutive abundant", and farmers' income has achieved "14 consecutive increased". However, we still need to see that China's agricultural development is facing the severe situation of agricultural marginalization, hollowing out of rural areas, aging of farmers, part-time employment of farmers, non-agricultural production factors, tighter constraints on resources and environment, shortage of young and middle-aged labor force, and coexistence of high risk and high cost of agricultural production. "Who will plant the land" has become a problem that the party and government attach great importance to and urgently need to solve. The new type of agricultural management subject is different from the traditional household contract and small-scale peasant household management. Many scholars in China have defined it from the perspective of comparison. They believe that "the new type of agricultural operation subject is a farmer or agricultural operation organization which is based on the family operation system, has a relatively large scale of operation and is suitable for modern agriculture and market economy". According to Chen Xiaohua, Wu Jinming and other scholars, "the new type of agricultural operation subject is a modern agricultural production and operation organization form which is built on the basis of family contracted operation, meets the requirements of market economy and agricultural productivity development, engages in specialized and intensive production and operation, and has a high degree of organizational socialization." To sum up, the new type of agricultural operation subject is "an agricultural operation organization with relatively large operation scale, better material and equipment conditions and operation and management ability, high labor production, resource utilization and land output rate, and the main goal of commercialized production. Family farm refers to a new type of agricultural operation subject that takes family members as the main labor force, engages in agricultural production and management in a large-scale, intensive and commercialized way, and takes agricultural income as the main source of family income. Family farm is the foundation of modern agricultural organization system and the main force of agricultural production in the future. Farmers' professional cooperatives integrate ordinary farmers and new-type subjects, and integrate production and service subjects as a whole. They are bridges and ties connecting small farmers with large markets and all kinds of agricultural operation subjects. Agricultural leading enterprises refer to the economic organizations that adopt modern enterprise management mode, carry out professional division of labor and cooperation, engage in commercial agricultural production and related activities, and implement independent operation and self financing. As a modern management organization form, agricultural leading enterprise is an important force to construct modern agricultural industry system and the key to promote agricultural industrialization. The cultivation of new agricultural operation subject is a systematic project, which needs the comprehensive allocation of human resources, funds, land, equipment and materials, technology, information, management and other elements to be better completed. The cultivation process is more related to the government, farmers, agricultural enterprises, financial institutions, agricultural associations, land management department, information department, logistics department, agricultural technology promotion department, water Coordination and cooperation between Libukou and other social entities such as agricultural service organizations. Lack of coordination of any department or poor coordination of any department in the cultivation process may cause the cultivation process to be blocked. Therefore, in the cultivation process, we must design a set of scientific, reasonable and efficient cultivation process, reasonably divide the tasks of each subject in the society, clarify the responsibilities of each subject, as well as the allocation of elements in the design process, the arrangement of organizational structure, etc, so as to make the cultivation process progress smoothly.