韓國의 漁業管理制度에 관한 硏究= (A)study on the fisheries management system of Korea

Abstract

The fisheries management system of whole world generally divided into two categories, one is free entry system (quota system) and the other is limited entry system (licensed or permitted system). The quota system attempts to control fishing effort indirectly by setting catch quotas, usually on an annual bases. When quota is taken, the fishery is closed and vessels are either forced into less profitable uses or remain idle. This technique is used in the tuna, halibut, various gronndfish, mackerel, herring and king crab fisheries in U.S. as well as other countries in Europe. Under this system, Quotas are allocated to individual fishermen on the basis of past catch or other criteria. In a developed fishery, the summation of the individual catch quotas may be equal to MSY. MST is the objective of fisheries management in those countries. The knowledge if how to maximum sustained yield or maximum economic yield is still relevant, but only as an indicator of possible consequences, not as a pointer to goals that must be attained. Korea has form of limited entry system. Usually, an entry license, permit or report is issued to a limited number of individuals based upon some criteria such as experience, skill, economic need and years in the fishery etc. These licenses or permits are usually transferable and this have economic value. Those who which to operate aquaculture, set fishing and common fishing shall obtain licenses from the mayor of the special city of Seoul, the mayor of special city, or provincial governors. The fishery right can be transferred and offered as mortgage but the common fishery right shall not be transferred or offered as an object of mortgage. Those who wish to operate off-shore fishery of distant water fishery shall obtain permission from the Administrator of the Fisheries Office, but to operate coastal fishery shall obtain permission from the mayor of special city or provincial governors. Those who wish to operate fishing other than those licenses or permits shall submit reports to the mayor of city or the chief of country. Korea has three phases of fisheries, ie, (1), costal or inshore fishery, (2) off-shore fishery and (3) distant water fishery. Both the costal and off-shore fisheries are those which operate in sea areas around Korea, whereas the distant water fishery is the one which operates mainly in the EEZ of other coastal countries and partly an high seas with the commencement of a new regime of the oceans which began in 1977, that is to say, the new law of the sea, the 200 nautical miles regulation. Korea’s overseas fishery may be phased out from the EEZ of other countries, therefore, both the coastal and off-shore fisheries are most important fisheries are most important fishery of Korea. Now, we must develop from hunting fishery to aquaculture, propagation and fisheries oriented resource management, due to overfishing and pollution, we confront of non-renewable resources, many countries now rely on aquaculture, propagation and fisheries oriented resource management to provide much of their needed high quality food. In summary, aquaculture, propagation and fisheries oriented resource management will play a significant role in future food production. Therefore we must conserve and manage both coastal fishing ground and off-shore fishing ground.