중소병원 간호사의 감염예방 표준주의 지침 수행도에 미치는 영향 요인

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect the performance to guidelines for the standard precaution of infection prevention by nurses working in small and medium sized hospitals.

Method The data were collected from 190 nurses from five small to medium-sized hospitals located in Busan, Korea, with less than 300 hospital beds between February 1st and February 28th. To measure the knowledge, attitude, safety_Climate, and use of standard precautions, tools modified by Younghee Suh (2009) were utilized. A total of 190 surveys were completed, and 184 surveys were eventually used for the final analysis. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regressions via SPSS/WIN 23.0 program.

Results 1. On a scale of 25, the average for “knowledge of standard precautions” was 20.64, and that for “attitude toward standard precautions” was 17.09 on a scale of 20. The average for safety environment was 4.63 on a scale of 7, and performance mean was 47.14 on a scale of 60. 2. A comparison of variables of standard precaution performance to the subjects’ general and infection-related characteristics showed significant differences according to marital status (t=-2.93, p<.004), work department (F = 9.433, p < 0.001), report after exposure to an accident (t=18.946, p<.001), and reason for not performing infection management (F=-2.063, p<.040). 3. The performance status of standard precaution guidance showed statistical significance and positive correlation between knowledge (r= 0.143, p=.05), attitude (r=0.189, p=.01), and safety_Climate (r=0.250, p= .001) 4. Factors influencing the performance status of standard precaution guidance were observed as follows: work department (β=-.346, p <.001), report after exposure to an accident (β= -.229, p=.004), marital status (β= -.216, p<.001), knowledge (β=.193, p=.003) and attitude (β=.144, p = .028). The explanatory power was 29.8%.

Conclusion The findings of this study revealed that the knowledge of and attitude toward taking standard precautions for infection prevention were high in nurses working in small and medium-sized hospital; however, the performance rate and safety environment were low compared to the knowledge and attitude. Factors that affect standard precaution performance positively correlated with knowledge, attitude, and safety environment. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that environmental conditions, such as securing safety equipment that can improve the performance of standard precautions for infection prevention, should be improved, and that knowledge and attitude regarding guidelines of standard precautions should be improved through systematic and repetitive practical training. Finally, it is necessary to create a hospital environment that reduces heavy workload on nurses and continue to comply with standard precaution guidelines by improving working conditions. Thus, complying with standard precaution guidelines could be continuously monitored.