Simultaneous Power Production and Benthic Remediation using Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell with Anode and Anolyte Configuration
- Abstract
- The natural remediation process has been accepted as a viable solution for the polluted benthic environment. However, it has relatively low efficiency and poor controllability. An efficient way to stimulate sediment bioremediation is through electrochemical approaches. Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC) offer several advantages, including their ability to remediate and generate technologies from sediments. Consequently, additional challenges are associated with the development and operation of SMFCs compared to conventional MFCs. However, the limitation of SMFCs due to slow of electron transfer, unbalance of decomposition process in each layer, and lack of electron donor or acceptor in SMFCs. This study was important to develop SMFCs which can be optimum to harvest electron with anode and anolyte configuration. In addition, additional of iron in anolyte can improve electricity generation and benthic remediation processes as this research's objective.
To achieve this, the core principles of the SMFC are presented in chapter one, background and technical approach to achieves the objective of this study. Chapter two, covering architecture, mechanism for generating electricity, and remediation of pollutant. The functions of the anode and anolyte as well as the essential requirement for optimizing performance are presented. Chapter three, the effect of variable electrode surface area on electricity generation and the benthic environment is studied. In addition, the chapter discussed the effect of variation in anolyte volume with fixed electrode size on SMFCs. In this study, anode and anolyte surface areas were compared in order to understand the correlation between the two. The chapter demonstrates that anode size around 0.5-fold of anolyte surface area can achieve maximum power density of 68.5 mW/m2.
Chapter four, the anode position in single- and multi-anode system of SMFCs were evaluated through similar measurements. Anodes were placed in upper, middle, and bottom layer of sediment with considering different redox reaction in each layer of sediment. Two anodes in middle and bottom layer of SMFCs can produced maximum power with value 173 mW/m2.
Chapter five, additional of Nano Zero Valent Iron in SMFCs with different characteristic of sediment was evaluated. The effect of NZVI in SMFCs and without SMFCs was evaluated in here, and also different between open and close circuit system. The optimum of additional NZVI varied depend on sediment characteristic. High polluted sediment needs high concentration of NZVI. 10g/L of NZVI in closed circuit system of SMFC can produced maximum power density 20.3 mW/m2. 10 g/L of NZVI in SMFC also enhance growth of genus Desulfovibrio which capability to transfer electron on electrode surface.
Chapter six, a summary of the conclusions of each chapter, limitation of this study and future work in SMFCs are discussed. The half of anolyte surface area has been recommended from chapter 3 as appropriate electrode surface area in SMFCs. In addition, using dual anode in middle and bottom in the sediment can enhanced power production. Additional of NZVI in SMFC also can accelerate power generation and benthic removal. However, sediment characteristics influenced the appropriate concentration of NZVI.
- Issued Date
- 2022
- Awarded Date
- 2022. 8
- Type
- Dissertation
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- Affiliation
- Pukyong National University, Graduate School
- Department
- 대학원 해양공학과
- Advisor
- Kyunghoi Kim
- Table Of Contents
- 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Overview 1
1.2. Objective and Approach 5
1.3. Organization of Thesis 8
2. ANODE AND ANOLYTE CONFIGURATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS 13
2.1. Background of SMFC 13
2.2. Prototype of SMFCs 14
2.3. Mechanism of electricity production and organic decomposition in SMFC 15
2.4. Designing Anode in SMFC 17
2.5 Recent studies of Anode and Anolyte relationship 22
2.6 Recent studies of Nano Zero Valent Iron 29
2.7 Basic of Polarization curve and Power density curve 30
2.8 Recent studies of Cyclic voltammetry 31
3. EFFECT OF ELECTRODE AND ANOLYTE SURFACE AREA FOR GENERATING MAXIMUM POWER DENSITY AND REMEDIATING POLLUTANT 37
3.1 Overview 37
3.2 Materials and Methods 39
3.2.1 SMFC set up and operation 39
3.2.2 Electrochemical analysis 42
3.2.3 Chemical analysis 43
3.3 Results and Discussion 44
3.3.1 Electrochemistry Analysis of different Electrode surface areas 44
3.3.2 Benthic environment Analysis of different Electrode surface areas 51
3.3.3 Electrochemistry Analysis of different Anolyte surface areas 55
3.3.4 Benthic environment Analysis of different Electrode surface areas 62
3.3.5 Relationship between electrode surface area with anolyte surface area and volume 66
3.4. Conclusion 68
4. IMPACT OF ELECTRODE PLACEMENT ON DIFFERENT ANODE NUMBERS ON POWER GENERATION AND POLLUTANT REMEDIATION 73
4.1 Overview 73
4.2 Material and methods 75
4.2.1. SMFC configuration 75
4.2.2 Electrochemical measurement and analysis 76
4.2.3 Benthic Environment Analysis 79
4.3. Results and discussion 79
4.3.1. Polarization Curve from single- and multi-anode systems with different anode positions 79
4.3.2 Cyclic voltammetry of single-and multi-anode systems with different anode positions 84
4.3.3. Benthic environment in single-and multi-anode systems with different anode positions 89
4.4 Conclusion 93
5. ENHANCED POWER GENERATION COUPLING POLLUTANT REMOVAL SMFC WITH ADDITIONAL NZVI ON ANOLYTE 97
5.1 Overview 97
5.2. Material and Methods 101
5.2.1 Sediment preparation 102
5.2.2 SMFCs configuration 102
5.2.3 Electrochemical analysis 105
5.2.4 Benthic environment analysis 106
5.2.5 16S rRNA Metabarcoding and Data Analysis 107
5.3 Result and discussion 108
5.3.1 Electrochemical analysis for additional of NZVI in open and closed SMFC (First batch) 108
5.3.2 Benthic Environment for additional of NZVI in open and closed SMFC (First batch) 110
5.3.3 Electrochemical analysis additional NZVI in SMFC (batch 2) 116
5.3.4 Benthic environment for 2nd batch 122
5.3.5 Microbial community analysis in sediment 127
5.4. Conclusion 139
6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 147
6.1 Conclusion of dissertation 147
6.2 Future work 150
REFERENCES 151
LIST OF PUBLICATION 173
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 175
- Degree
- Doctor
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