고위험 임부의 태교실천, 자존감 및 사회적 지지가 태아애착에 미치는 영향

Abstract

Purpose The current study aims to explore Taegyo practice, self-esteem, social support, and degree of maternal fetal attachment in women with high-risk pregnancy, the relationship between these variables, and the factors that affect maternal fetal attachment, as part of efforts to provide foundational data that can serve as a theoretical basis for future directions and development of a systematic and effective educational program for women with high-risk pregnancy.

Method The participants included women with high-risk pregnancy receiving inpatient treatment at four hospitals—a general hospital and three women's hospitals—located in metropolitan city “B,” who were diagnosed with 19 conditions related to high-risk pregnancy. Subsequently, 226 women, who provided informed consent for participating in the study after understanding its purpose and aim, were included. Data were collected from February 1– 28, 2022. Data analysis was conducted with the SPSS/WIN 26.0 software. The general and obstetric characteristics of the participants were analyzed with frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation. Taegyo practice, self-esteem, social support, and degree of maternal fetal attachment were analyzed with average and standard deviation. Independent samples t-test and one-factor ANOVA were used for the differences in maternal fetal attachment due to general and obstetric characteristics, with the post-hoc Scheffé test. The relationship between the four variables were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the factors influencing maternal fetal attachment were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression.

Result There were statistically significant differences in the maternal fetal attachment of women with high-risk pregnancy owing to their general and obstetric characteristics, for the following factors: marital satisfaction (F=31.78, <.01), physical conditions (F=12.61, <.01), and whether the pregnancy was planned or unplanned (t=2.98, <.01). Maternal fetal attachment was positively correlated with Taegyo practice (r=0.70, <.01), self-esteem (r=0.53, <.01), social support (r=0.60, <.01), all with statistical significance. Taegyo practice (β=0.50, <.01) and social support (β=0.17, <.05) were considered as factors influencing the maternal fetal attachment of women with high-risk pregnancy, with Taegyo practice having the maximum influence between them. These influencing factors explained 53% of the total variation of outcomes, regarding the maternal fetal attachment of women with high-risk pregnancy.

Conclusion The results of the current study indicate that maternal fetal attachment increases with higher Taegyo practice and greater social support. Based on these findings, it is imperative to use interventions that can promote Taegyo practice and enhance the social support of women with high-risk pregnancy, in order to increase the maternal fetal attachment of women with high-risk pregnancy.