어가의 소득 계층 이동 결정요인 분석

Abstract

Recently, Korea's fisheries industry has faced various difficulties such as climate change, reduction of fishery resources, and deterioration of management profitability. In addition, Korean fishery households are rapidly decreasing due to aging and low birth rates, and fishing villages are at risk of dissolution. Under these circumstances, income inequality and polarization among fishermen are deepening, which threatens sustainable fisheries. In particular, when comparing fishery income with the national average household income and farm income, the overall income level of fishermen was relatively low, but the income of fishermen in the upper income category was much higher. This suggests that the income gap of all categories of fishermen is seriously disproportionate. Based on the fact that lifetime income becomes more uniform in the long run if income class mobility is high, activation of mobility between income classes can be considered as a way to improve income inequality and polarization. However, few studies have been conducted on the income class mobility of fishery households, and these studies are considered necessary. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of income class mobility of fishery households. Fishery Household Economic Survey data were used for the analysis, and fishery income was reclassified by applying the OECD's concept of absolute income. Binary logit and multinal logit model were used as empirical analysis models. The main results and policy implications of this study are as follows. Firstly, the current income gap between all categories is seriously disproportionate, and class mobility is rigid. If this situation continues in the long run, it can reduce the vitality of fishing villages. Therefore, it is necessary to review the income distribution policy that can narrow the income gap of fishery households. Secondly, it is difficult for low-income fishermen to make a living with only fishery income. Therefore, it is necessary to create an environment that can enhance the self-sufficiency of low-income fishermen and secure various sources of income. Thirdly, public subsidies are estimated to be an important variable in class mobility, and the share of public subsidies in fishery income is increasing every year. However, there was a large gap in the amount of public subsidies received between fishermen. Therefore, it is necessary to review support programs and payment plans that take into account various conditions as well as the size of the fishery. Finally, in the analysis of determinants of all classes, the age of fishermen was estimated as an important variable. With the aging of the fishing villages intensifying, more active discussions are needed on the expansion of the income safety net for fishermen.