PUKYONG

An Empirical Study of the Impact of Partial State Ownership on Family Firms’ Corporate Social Responsibility

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Alternative Title
부분적 국유제가 가족기업의 사회적책임에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증연구: 중국을 중심으로
Abstract
중국에는 기업 지배구조에 따라 국유기업(SOE, State-owned enterprise), 민영기업(Private enterprise), 외자기업(Foreign-invested enterprise), 그리고 다양한 주주가 공동으로 소유하는 혼합소유 기업(Mixed ownership enterprise, MOE)로 구분한다. 그리고 혼합 소유 기업은 다시 정부 통제기업(State-Owned MOE)과 정부 비통제기업(non-state MOE)으로 나눌 수 있다. 정부 비통제기업 중 중국 경제의 중추인 가족기업(FF)의 상당 수는 2013년 국유 기업에 대한 중국 정부의 개혁이 본격화됨에 따라 국유 기업으로부터 투자를 받아 부분 국가 소유(Partial State Ownership, PSO)로 전환하고, 경제적 성과를 창출하기 위한 노력을 전개한 바 있다. 그러나 이러한 유형의 PSO로 인해 발생하는 비경제적 영향에 대해서는 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 특히 가족 기업은 대부분 지역사회에 뿌리를 두고 있다는 점에서 그 지역의 사회적 책임 활동(Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR)의 핵심 역할을 한다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 부분 국가 소유가 가족 기업의 CSR 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 사회 정서적 부(SEW)의 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 사회 정서적 부를 협의의 제한된 사회 정서적 부(Restricted SEW)와 광의의 확장된 사회 정서적 부(Extended SEW)로 구분하고, FF가 제한된 SEW 관점에서 CSR 몰입을 비용으로 간주하고 확장된 SEW 측면에서 CSR 몰입을 이익으로 취급할 것을 제안하였다. 또한 가족 기업 간 이질적인 특성을 반영하기 위해 세대 간 승계(Intergenerational Succession)를 조절변수로 상정하였다. 중국의 상장 가족 기업에 대한 자료에 기반한 연구결과 FF의 CSR 성과는 제한된 SEW에 의해 부정적인 영향을 받지만 확장된 SEW와 긍정적인 영향을 나타내고 있다. 더 나아가 PSO가 FF의 CSR 몰입과 S자형 관계(curvilinear relationship)를 가지고 있음을 발견하였다. 또한 본 세대 간 승계의 조절 효과와 관련하여, FF가 이후 세대(Next generation)의 관리 하에 있을 때 S자형 관계(curvilinear relationship)가 더 강화된다는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 연구는 가족기업이 지역의 사회적 책임 활동에 중요한 역할을 함을 확인하과 동시에 사회 정서적 부 추구, 지배구조, 세대 간 승계 여부에 따라 상당히 이질적인 패턴이 나타남을 시사한다.|Transition economies are increasingly concerned about the social impact of their enterprises while developing their economies. Because of their prominence, family firms (FFs) are increasingly being studied for their effects on society. As the most important manifestation of social impact, research on CSR performance of FFs in transition economies is in its infancy and has paid insufficient attention to studying heterogeneity among FFs. Therefore, from the perspective of FFs’ heterogeneity, we need to understand the mechanisms of FFs’ CSR performance. Particularly, there is a specific need for research on how corporate governance will affect CSR performance in transition economies. In China, some FFs received investments from state-owned equity and became partial state ownership (PSO). Under this context, we view China as an ideal research scenario of corporate governance changes. However, less attention has been paid to the non-economic effects arising from this type of PSO. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between PSO and CSR performance of FFs in China. This paper examines how the PSO affects family firms’ CSR performance from the perspective of Socio-emotional Wealth (SEW). In this paper SEW is divided into two types, which are restricted SEW and extended SEW. This research theorizes their opposing effects on CSR performance of family firms. We propose that the FFs regard CSR performance as cost from the restricted SEW perspective and treat CSR performance as benefit from the aspect of extended SEW. Consequently, CSR performance of FFs are negatively influenced by restricted SEW but are positively associated with extended SEW. Meanwhile, the intergenerational succession of FFs in transition economies also exhibits significant differences from that of developed countries. Thus, this paper considers the effect of intergenerational transmission as a moderator on the above relationship.
By analyzing data on FFs in China between 2013 and 2019, this paper explains why and how heterogeneous PSO levels affect the CSR performance of FFs. We found an S-shaped relationship between the level of PSO and CSR performance. Meanwhile, this research also tests the effect of intergenerational succession on the heterogeneity of FFs from the perspective of CSR performance. We found that intergenerational succession plays a moderating role in the S-shaped relationship between PSO and CSR performance. And intergenerational succession steepens the S-shaped relationship between PSO and CSR performance.
Theoretically, our findings contribute to explaining the heterogeneity of CSR performance among FFs from the perspective of intertwined mechanisms of Extended and Restricted SEW. We also advance our understanding of the heterogeneity in FFs’ CSR performance corresponding to the level of PSO and intergenerational succession in the context of transition economies. Practically, this paper provides the following recommendations for managers and policy makers of FFs. First, FFs’ managers need to understand two critical and intertwined SEW mechanisms, i.e., restricted SEW and extended SEW, to enhance CSR performance. Second, from the perspective of FFs’ managers, they should find an effective path that is more conducive for the relationship between the level of PSO and CSR performance. Third, from the founder generation side, predecessors can make some plans or measures to maintain the level of CSR after intergenerational succession. For managers from the government side, they should understand that maintaining a moderate level of PSO is beneficial for enhancing CSR.
Author(s)
LYU JIA
Issued Date
2023
Awarded Date
2023-02
Type
Dissertation
Publisher
부경대학교
URI
https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/32879
http://pknu.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000663785
Affiliation
Pukyong National university, Graduate School of Management of Technology
Department
기술경영전문대학원 기술경영학과
Advisor
Kiho Kwak
Table Of Contents
I. Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Objectives 4
1.3 Research Contributions 6
1.4 Organizations of Thesis 10
II. Theoretical Background 13
2.1 Research on Family Firms 13
2.2 Theory of Social-Emotional Wealth in Family Firms 27
2.3 Research on Corporate Social Responsibility of Family Firms 31
2.4 Research on Political Connections and Partial State Ownership of Family Firms 36
2.5 Research on the Intergenerational Succession of Family Firms 46
III. Research Hypotheses 51
3.1 CSR Performance of Family Firms for Pursing Social-Emotional Wealth 51
3.2 Partial State Ownership in Family Firms and CSR Performance in Transition Economies 52
3.3 Intergenerational Succession of Family Firms and CSR Performance 58
IV. Empirical Analysis Results 63
4.1 Model Construction and Variable Selection 63
4.2 Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Matrix 69
4.3 Regression Results 71
4.4 Robustness Tests 77
V. Case Study of Chinese Family Firms’ Partial State Ownership 82
5.1 Cases of the Relationship between PSO and CSR Performance of FFs 83
5.2 Cases of the Moderating Role of Intergenerational Succession 90
VI. Conclusions and Limitations 93
6.1 Theoretical Implications 94
6.2 Managerial Implications 96
6.3 Policy Implications 97
6.4 Limitations 98
References 101
Acknowledgements 133
Degree
Doctor
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기술경영전문대학원 > 기술경영학과
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