Structure and Phase Studies of Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI3), Formamidinium Lead Iodide (FAPbI3), and Formamidinium Tin Iodide (FASnI3) Perovskites using Spatially and Temperature-resolved Photoluminescence and Raman Spectroscopy
- Abstract
- 혼성 유기-무기 페로브스카이트(OIHP)는 우수한 광학적 특성을 기반으로 광전지 소자로서 각광받고 있다. 하지만 외부 환경에서 쉽게 열화되는 특성으로 인해 장기적 안정성, 히스테리시스, 필름 결함은 아직까지 해결해야 할 이슈로 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 공간 분해 발광 및 라만 분광법을 사용하여 유기-무기 하이브리드 페로브스카이트(MAPbI3, FAPbI3, FASnI3)의 구조와 상에 대한 연구를 제시한다. 또한, 결함(Defects), 첨가물(Additives) 제어, 온도, 광 및 습도에 의한 열화(Degradation)에 대해 논의한다.
본문 2장에서는 광 발광과 라만 매핑(Mapping) 분석을 통해, MAPbI3 필름이 (A) MAPbI3, (B) PbI2, (C) MAPbI3/PbI2 혼합 상으로 구성됨을 확인했다. 또한, 강한 세기의 레이져(7.6 mW 및 80 초)을 조사한 후 나타나는 발광 세기 분포의 분석결과, (B) PbI2 을 제외한 영역에서 형광특성을 완전히 잃어버리는 현상(photobleaching)을 확인했다. 이러한 결과는 PbI2상의 부동태화(passivation)가 필름 표면의 결함을 제어하여 광 안정성과 형광 수명을 향상시켰음을 시사한다.
본문 3장에서는 MACl 첨가제(0, 2, 4 mol%)의 농도에 따른 FAPbI3 필름에 대하여 광 발광과 라만 매핑(Mapping)을 진행하였고, 2 mol% MACl 첨가제가 포함된 필름에서 가장 낮은 𝛿 상(37, 108 cm-1)의 분포를 보였다. 이러한 특성은 높은 광 발광(PL) 강도, 밴드갭 에너지 분포의 균일성, 온도에 따른 라만 피크 이동의 낮은 변화도와 높은 연관성을 보임을 밝혔다.
본문 4장에서, 환경적 요인 (1) 온도 (90 K-240 K), (2) 레이저 조사 (0.04-2.69 W/cm2)와 (3) 습도에 따른 FASnI3 페로브스카이트의 구조적 역학 변화 양상을 제시한다. XRD와 라만 분광법을 사용하여, FASnI3는 (1) 순수한 α상 (120cm-1)과 (2) 변성된 𝛿 상(110cm-1)으로 구성됨을 확인했다. 이때, 외부 환경적 요인(빛, 온도, 습도)에 따라 라만 피크의 명백한 적색 편이는 (120 cm-1 -> 110 cm-1) FASnI3의 열화를 시사한다.|Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar (HOIP) cell has been considered as one of the most promising photovoltaics because of their remarkable photovoltaic (PV) performance. However, long-term structural stability remains the one crucial hurdle to overcome, since it easily degraded under ambient conditions. According to recent studies, phase stability under micrometer-sized grains is critical in high-quality HOIP thin films for higher photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and lifetime which are important parameters for efficient photovoltaic devices. In this thesis, I present the phase and polymorphysm studies on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (methylammonium (MAPbI3), formamidinium (FAPbI3, FASnI3) using XRD, spatially-resolved PL and ultra-low frequency Raman spectroscopy. I also discuss the effects of grain boundaries, concentration of additives (MACl), and degradations by temperature, photo, and humidity. These results successfully show that the PV performance can be enhanced by the PbI2-passivation and MACl additives effects.
In chapter Ⅱ, I present the impact of PbI2-microstructure on the local carrier dynamics and photophysical properties in MAPbI3 thin films. The correlated PL and Raman maps have shown the distinctive microstructures of MAPbI3 thin film; (A) highly (B) less brightly fluorescent grains and (C) dark defects, which are related to the Raman peak of pristine MAPbI3 (60, 130 cm-1), degraded MAPbI3 to PbI2 (70, 95 and 112 cm-1) and mixtures of them. In addition, after irradiation of intense excitation (7.6 mW and 80 seconds), the PL is only detected at (B) PbI2 region, suggesting that PbI2-passivation can be effective for the longer-lasting photoluminescent microstructures against the vulnerability.
In chapter Ⅲ, I discuss the concentration effects of MACl additives (0, 1, 2, 4 mol%) on the optical and vibrational characterization of FAPbI3 thin film. The combined PL and Raman maps have revealed the critical insight between PL and structural dynamics. The FAPbI3 film with 2 mol% MACl additives containing the lowest portion of 𝛿 phase (37, 108 cm-1) shows the highest PL intensity and phase homogeneity. In addition, the phase transitions of β-tetragonal to α-cubic were found at around 370, 390, and 400 K with increasing the concentration of MACl additives, indicating enhanced thermal stability and PL red shifts.
In chapter Ⅳ, I have presented the structural transformation of hybrid organic-inorganic formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) QDs under variable environmental stress ; (1) temperature (90-240 K), (2) laser irradiation (0.04-2.69 W/cm2), and (3) humidity. Using XRD and Raman spectroscopy, we have found the major phases of FASnI3 are pure (α) and degraded (𝛿) phase, probed by the Raman peaks of α (120 cm-1) and degraded (110 cm-1), respectively. The change of vibrational dynamics from 120 to 110 cm-1 was obviously observed, indicating the degradations of inorganic lattices by irradiation power, humidity, and temperature.
- Author(s)
- 최지원
- Issued Date
- 2023
- Awarded Date
- 2023-02
- Type
- Dissertation
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- URI
- https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/32977
http://pknu.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000664022
- Affiliation
- 부경대학교 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 화학과
- Advisor
- 박명기
- Table Of Contents
- I.Introduction 1
1.1. Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite 1
1.1.1 Electronic and Optical Properties 3
1.1.2 Structural characteristic 4
1.2. Key Challenges for high Efficiency and Stability 7
1.2.1 Degradation 7
1.2.2 Phase 10
1.2.3 Charge carrier transport 12
1.3. Spectroscopic Methods and Principle 13
1.3.1 Raman Spectroscopy 13
1.3.2 Fluorescence Spectroscopy 19
Ⅱ. Evidence of Long-Lasting Fluorescent Microstructure by PbI2 Passivation in MAPbI3 thin Film 20
2.1. Introduction 20
2.2. Experimental details 22
2.3. Results and discussion 24
2.4. Conclusion 35
2.5. Reference 36
Ⅲ. Suppressing the conversion of delta phase by MACl additives in FAPbI3 thin Films 39
3.1. Introduction 39
3.2. Experimental details 41
3.3. Results and discussion 44
3.4. Conclusion 53
3.5. Reference 54
Ⅳ. Phase Evolution and Structural Properties of FASnI3 Quantum Dots under variable conditions 56
4.1. Introduction 56
4.2. Experimental details 58
4.3. Results and discussion 60
4.4. Conclusion 69
4.5. Reference 70
- Degree
- Master
-
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