동물성 단백질 식품에 대한 탄소세 부과의 경제적 효과

Abstract

The problem of climate change is gradually becoming more serious. In climate change, which was called global warming in the past, the increase in greenhouse gases does not simply increase the temperature of the earth, but causes abnormal weather such as floods, forest fires, typhoons, and droughts all over the world. As a result, countries around the world are making great efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike the Kyoto Protocol, which imposed reduction obligations mainly on developed countries, almost all countries are now participating in greenhouse gas reduction through the Paris Agreement. However, despite these efforts by countries around the world, the IPCC reports that climate change is accelerating over time. Accordingly, the world is aiming for carbon neutrality that completely eliminates greenhouse gases beyond simply reducing greenhouse gases. As a result, carbon-neutral policies are being discussed in areas such as agriculture, livestock, and fisheries, in addition to energy and manufacturing sectors with high carbon emissions. Therefore, there is a possibility that the carbon tax or emission trading system, which is a representative carbon reduction policy, can be applied to these industries. This study analyzed greenhouse gas reduction policies for beef, pork, chicken, and aquatic products (fish) markets, which are major domestic animal protein markets. A total of four scenarios, from a scenario in which a carbon tax is imposed only in the beef market with the highest greenhouse gas emissions, to a scenario in which a carbon tax is differentially imposed in proportion to the carbon emissions of all animal protein markets, are assumed to reduce carbon emissions and economic welfare. analyzed. As a result of the study, from an economic point of view, economic welfare decreased the least in the scenario in which the carbon tax was imposed by applying the domestic carbon credit price. However, from an environmental point of view, when the Pigou tax based on F. Funke's research was imposed, carbon emissions were reduced the most. Based on the above results, it is thought that this study can be used as basic data when meat tax is introduced in Korea in the future.