한국 제조업의 무역기술장벽(TBT)이 對중국 수입과 한국의 고용에 미치는 영향

Abstract

After the launch of the GATT system and WTO, the spread of multilateral trade system and bilateral FTAs reduced tariffs around the world, However, as the global economic depression have continued after the great recession of 2008, TBT and Non-Tariff Measures have grown. Reflecting this situation, previous literature conducted the impact of Non-Tariff Measures on trade. Summarizing previous research, Non-Tariff Measures do not always effects on trade negatively, emerged differently depending on circumstances and conditions. While previous literature conducted in Korea mainly focused on the impact of the TBT by trading partners on exports, this paper focuses on imports, so it is expected to fill the gaps in existing studies. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the impact of TBT in Korea on imports from China and Korea's employment by using fixed effect model and random effect model. The major findings through this paper are as follows; First, TBT had no effect on the import of the entire manufacturing industry and of manufacturing intermediate goods. However, as a result of analysis by detailed industry, TBT decreased the import of electronic parts, electrical equipment, and steel industries. On the other hand TBT had no effect on the plastics industry and TBT rather increased income of the chemical industry. Second, TBT had a positive effect on the number of employees of manufacturing industry. These results can be inferred to be influenced by the characteristics of the industry rather than the technological level of the industry. In the short term, TBT could be positive as it limits the industry's imports and increases employment. Therefore, these protectionist measures to help the growth of the industry in the long run, TBT that complies with international standards should be implemented for each industry.