Chrysophrys속(도미과) 어류의 부활

Abstract

Previous studies on molecular phylogeny of the genus Pagrus (Sparidae) have shown polyphyletic. Of which, red sea bream in the northern Pacific Ocean and silver sea bream in the southern Pacific Ocean have ambiguous taxonomic status due to their extremely morphological similarity, i.e., they are recognized as distinct species, but some ichthyologists are considering them as single species. To resolve their complex taxonomic problems, we conducted the molecular and morphological comparison of the red sea bream from Korea, Japan and China, silver sea bream from Australia and New Zealand, and Pagrus pagrus (type species of the genus Pagrus) from Argentina and USA. The genetic distance between red sea bream and silver sea bream shows a very close relationship, but it shows a far distance with the Atlantic species of the genus Pagrus. Neighbor joining, Maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference trees showed that red sea bream and silver sea bream in the Pacific Ocean are closely clustered with Evynnis cardinalis, and next with P. pagrus, accordingly supported the validity of the genus Chrysophrys. Also, we found potential morphological evidence distinguishing the red sea bream and silver sea bream with P. pagrus such as the eye-origin of dorsal fin, frontal (length, width, convex), vomer width, supraoccipital crest, and nasal. Also, the red sea bream and silver sea bream can be distinguished by using the head bump, supraoccipital (width, crest- middle point, slope, interface anterior part), pterosphenoid and epiotic. The red sea bream and silver sea bream might have passed through equatorial sea during the last glacial maximum, and subsequent boundaries of high seawater temperature in equatorial sea may be due to their allopatric speciation. Therefore, our comprehensive results suggest that the red sea bream and silver sea bream should be distinct species, and belong to the genus Chrysophrys, accordingly, their scientific names should be treated as Chrysophrys major and Chrysophrys auratus, respectively.