PUKYONG

Degradation of azo dyes by Potassium Ferrate (VI)

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Abstract
아조 화합물 염료를 함유한 오염 물질은 다양한 산업에서 배출되며 수자원, 토양 비옥도, 수생 생물 및 생태계 보전에 악영향을 미칩니다. 이 물질들은 동물뿐만 아니라 수생 생물(물고기, 조류, 박테리아 등)에 독성(유전독성, 돌연변이 유발성, 발암성)을 미칩니다. 저렴한 가격, 높은 안정성 및 우수한 색감도 특성으로 인해 아조 염료는 직물, 가죽, 종이 및 식품 산업에서 제품에 밝고 선명한 색을 부여하기 위해 자주 사용됩니다. 따라서, 염료와 화학 물질의 상당량이 환경으로 방출되어 수질 오염을 유발합니다. 일부 아조 염료는 동물 연구에서 암의 원인입니다. 이것은 염료가 DNA에 결합하고 돌연변이를 일으킬 수 있는 방향족 아민들로 분해되는 것이 원인인 것으로 추정됩니다. 국제암연구소(IARC)는 일부 아조 화합물 염료를 1군 발암물질(인간에게 발암 가능한 물질)로 분류했습니다.
첨단 산화 공정(AOPs)은 많은 연구자들이 많은 오염 사례를 극복하기 위해 개발하고 개선하려고 노력하는 흥미로운 기술입니다. 90년대 후반부터 오늘날까지 페레이트(VI) 기술은 유해 유기 오염 물질을 분해하기 위한 물질로 개발되어 왔습니다.
본 논문은 회분식 반응기에서 습식 산화법으로 합성한 칼륨 페레이트(VI)에 의한 아조 염료, 즉 Eriochrome Black T(EBT), Orange II 및 Reactive Black 5의 분해 과정을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 합니다. 수용액에서 EBT, Orange II and RB5의 분해는 pH, Ferrate (VI) 투입량, 초기 농도, 수용액 온도 등 다양한 변수의 조건에서 연구되었습니다. EBT 경우에는 최대 분해 효율은 pH 7.0에서 95.42%가 달성되었으며, 이 실험 조건에서 얻은 kapp 값은 872.87 M-1s -1, Orange II 경우에는 최대 분해 효율은 pH 4.0에서 77.41%가 달성되었으며, 이 실험 조건에서 얻은 kapp 값은 421.57 M-1s-1, RB5 경우에는최대 분해 효율은 pH 7.0에서 63.2%가 달성되었으며, 이 실험 조건에서 얻은 kapp 값은 190.49 M-1s-1 으로 나타났습니다.
온도는 가장 중요한 매개 변수 중 하나로 연구되었습니다. 그 결과로부터 온도(45°C까지)를 증가시키면 페레이트(VI)에 의한 아조 화합물 염료의 분해 효율이 증가하고, 온도가 45°C를 초과하면 분해 효율이 저하됩니다.
|Toxic effluents containing azo dyes are discharged from various industries and they adversely affect water resources, soil fertility, aquatic organisms, and ecosystem integrity. They released toxicity (lethal effect, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity) to aquatic organisms (fish, algae, bacteria, etc.) as well as animals. Due to their low cost, high stability, and excellent color fastness properties, azo dyes are frequently used in the textile, leather, paper, and food industries to impart bright and vivid colors to their products. Therefore, a significant amount of dye and chemicals are released into the environment, causing pollution and water contamination. Some azo dyes are carcinogenic in animal studies. This is thought to be due to the ability of the dyes to break down into aromatic amines, which can bind to DNA and cause mutations. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified some azo dyes as Group 1 carcinogens (carcinogenic to humans). Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) has become interesting technology that many researchers try to develop and improve to overcome many contamination cases. Since the late 90s until nowadays, Ferrate (VI) technology has been developed and discussed as a hazardous organic contaminants degradation material. This thesis aims to study the degradation process for azo dyes namely Eriochrome Black T (EBT), Orange II, and Reactive Black 5 by Potassium Ferrate (VI) synthesized by wet oxidation method conducted in a closed free head-space reactor. The process of degradation of azo dyes by Ferrate (was applied with several parameters such as pH) different Ferrate (VI) dosages, and different azo dye initial concentrations, and temperatures. A second-order reaction was observed in all target compound degradation processes with EBT having the highest degradation efficiency. The kapp value of EBT was 811.65 M-1s-1, the kapp value of Orange II was 421.57 M-1s-1, and the kapp value of RB5 was 190.49 M-1s-1. In the pH experiments, the neutral condition has been identified as the optimum condition for the degradation of EBT and RB5 with 94.56% and 63.2% of dye removed, respectively. While Orange II has the best degradation percentage in the acidic pH condition (77.41%). The efficiency of degradation also depends on the amount of ferrate (VI) available in the reactor. Degradation capacity increased an increase in Potassium Ferrate (VI) dosage or decrease in target compound concentration. The temperature has been reported as one of the most important parameters. From the results, increasing the temperature (up to 45oC) will increase the degradation capacity of azo dyes by Ferrate (VI) and if the temperature exceeds 45oC, the degradation efficiency will be decreased.
Author(s)
NGUYEN MINH HOANG
Issued Date
2023
Awarded Date
2023-08
Type
Dissertation
Publisher
부경대학교
URI
https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/33249
http://pknu.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000694878
Affiliation
Pukyong National University, Graduate School
Department
대학원 지구환경시스템과학부환경공학전공
Advisor
IL-KYU KIM
Table Of Contents
I - Introduction 1
1.1. General background 1
1.2. Hypothesis 4
1.2.1. Simply degradation process 4
1.2.2. The property of ferrate and its performance in water and wastewater treatment 5
1.3. Scope of the research 7
1.4. Literature review 7
1.4.1 Introduction of Potassium Ferrate (VI) 7
1.4.2. Introduction of Azo dyes 8
1.4.2.1. Eriochrome Black T (EBT) 8
1.4.2.2. Orange II 10
1.4.2.3. Reactive Black 5 12
II - Materials and methods 13
2.1 Materials 13
2.2. Synthesis of Ferrate (VI) 14
2.2.1 Dry method 14
2.2.2 Electrochemical method 15
2.2.3 Wet method 15
2.3. Experimental Procedures 16
2.4. Mechanism of the methods 17
2.5. Analytical methods 19
III - Result and discussion 19
3.1. Synthesis of Potassium Ferrate (VI) by wet method 19
3.2. The result of the degradation of EBT by Potassium Ferrate (VI) 20
3.2.1 Effect of initial pH on degradation of EBT 20
3.2.2 Effect of initial dosage of Potassium Ferrate (VI) on the degradation of EBT 24
3.2.3 Effect of initial concentration of EBT on the degradation 27
3.2.4 Effect of temperature of EBT on Degradation of EBT 29
3.3. The result of the degradation of Orange II by Potassium Ferrate (VI) 32
3.3.1 Effect of initial pH on degradation of Orange II 32
3.3.2 Effect of dosages of Potassium Ferrate (VI) on the degradation of Orange II 35
3.3.3 Effect of Orange II initial dosages on the degradation 37
3.3.4 Effect of temperature on the degradation of Orange II 38
3.4. The result of the degradation of Reactive Black 5 by Potassium Ferrate (VI) 41
3.4.1. Effect of pH on the degradation of RB5 41
3.4.2. Effect of dosages of Potassium Ferrate (VI) on the degradation of RB5 42
3.4.3. Effect of initial concentration of RB5 on the degradation 44
3.4.4. Effect of temperature on the degradation of RB5 45
3.5. Differences between the degradation process of azo dyes 48
3.5.1 Comparison between EBT, Orange II, and Reactive Black 5 degradation capacity 48
3.5.2 Difference of optimal pH condition between azo dyes 49
3.5.3 Difference in degradation capacity between azo dyes 52
3.5.3.1. Difference between Reactive Black 5 (diazo dye) and EBT, Orange II (mono azo dye) 52
3.5.3.2. Difference between mono azo dyes (Orange II and EBT) 54
3.5.4 Application of degradation processes using Potassium Ferrate (VI) in industrial wastewater 55
IV - Conclusion 57
REFERENCES 60
Degree
Master
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대학원 > 지구환경시스템과학부-환경공학전공
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