DPSIR 프레임워크 기반 관광정책의 지속가능한 지역관광경쟁력 개발 모형

Abstract

Tourism today is recognized as a crucial factor in enhancing the competitiveness of local governments, which in turn contributes to national competitiveness. Local tourism is a representative public-led policy conducted by central and local governments, and the role of the government is important to secure sustainable local tourism competitiveness. Local tourism also serves as a policy driving force for national balanced development led by local regions and the local economy. Local tourism competitiveness generates tourism performance indicators such as tourist inflow, revenue generation, employment creation, and infrastructure development. Therefore, this study examines the causal relationship between sustainable local tourism competitiveness and tourism outcomes. The research is based on a holistic approach that considers the multidimensional nature of local tourism competitiveness, encompassing policy, environment, economy, and social values. Thus the study introduces the DPSIR framework (Driving forces-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses framework) based on social-ecological systems, which can explain the interaction between human activities and the natural environment, into the context of local tourism competitiveness. Recognizing the importance of the environment and policy in local tourism competitiveness, the study applies a modified DPSIR framework, the RDPSI framework (Response-centered DPSIR), to the analysis. Based on this, a survey was conducted on 229 local governments in the country to investigate the causal relationship between local tourism competitiveness and tourism outcomes. As a result, a specialized RDPSI-T framework for tourism was derived. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. Firstly, the concept of the RDPSI-T framework was validated through exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The variables exhibited factor loadings ranging from 0.687 to 0.944, exceeding the threshold of 0.5. The cumulative explained variance reached 83.381%. Moreover, Cronbach's α values ranged from 0.702 to 0.986, ensuring the reliability of the framework. Secondly, the goodness-of-fit of the measurement model for the RDPSI-T framework was assessed, resulting in X2=429.677 (p=0.000), df=138, GFI=0.846, AGFI=0.788, IFI=0.937, CFI=0.937, RMR=0.043, and RMSEA=0.96. These findings indicate that the local tourism competitiveness model fits well. Thirdly, through structural equation modeling, the influence relationship between local tourism competitiveness and tourism outcomes was examined. Out of the 13 hypotheses tested, 11 were accepted, while 2 were rejected. Hypothesis testing confirmed the causal relationships among the components of the DPSIR framework, which is the fundamental hypothesis of the model. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence supporting the RDPSI-T framework as a valid and reliable tool for analyzing the causal relationship between sustainable local tourism competitiveness and tourism outcomes. The main findings of this study suggested the significance of environmental factors, policy measures, and their impact on local tourism development. The research will contributes to the understanding of the complex dynamics of local tourism and offers insights for policymakers and local governments to enhance their efforts in promoting sustainable tourism and improving regional competitiveness.