사회연결망분석(SNA)을 이용한 글로벌 수산물 네트워크 변화 분석

Abstract

This study aims to present Korean seafood trade strategies by analyzing the global seafood network using social network analysis. Globally, demand for seafood has been increased and international trade has enhanced, leading rapid evolution of the global seafood network. To position Korea as an important player in the global seafood trade, a comprehensive understanding of the global seafood trade structure is essential. Social network analysis, which focuses on the relationships between objects, can provide new insights into the interactions among countries in the global seafood network. In this study, social network analysis(network analysis, centrality analysis) was conducted to identify the structure of the global seafood network and the key countries. The analysis revealed that in most seafood categories, the network's size, complexity, and connectivity between countries were expanding, while the average distance between countries was decreasing. Also, all of the seafood categories showed a common pattern that some of Asian and European countries are leading the network at the network's center. Specifically, the global network for total seafood(HS 03) exhibited increased complexity but decreased connectivity between trading countries. Unilateral trade, where a country engages in either export or import without reciprocal trade, was consistently prominent. The fresh or chilled fish(HS 0302) had the longest average distance between countries in the network. Fresh or chilled fish trade within regions was gradually increasing and it had surpassed trade between regions by 2021. The frozen fish(HS 0303) network appeared an expansion of Asian countries' influence. This network had the most significant reduction in the average distance between countries, indicating improved trade efficiency. The fillets and fish meat(HS 0304) network had an increasing network size, yet the average distance between countries decreased. One-to-one trades and the presence of one-way trading countries were on the rise. Crustaceans(HS 0306) network, the leading country in the network was converted from European countries to Asian countries and unlike other product categories, trade between regions was becoming more active. Based on the centrality analysis results, the roles of major trading countries were classified into four types(stable supply connection country, proactive trading country, hub country, exclusive connection country). Major countries were generally tend to be involved in various roles simultaneously. The United States was identified as the most influential country in the global seafood network, playing roles as a stable supply connection country, a proactive trading country, and a hub country in all categories except fresh and chilled fish. China had significant influence in 3 seafood categories as a stable supply connection country, a proactive trading country, and a hub country. Netherlands acted as a hub country in all categories. Korea played roles as a stable supply connection country, a proactive trading country, and a hub country in frozen fish trade. Additionally, countries like Spain, the United Kingdom, and France played various significant roles as major countries in the global seafood network. This study presents five trading strategies for Korea to become a major trading country in the global seafood network based on the comprehensive analysis results. The study can provide valuable insights for anticipating the rapidly changing global seafood network and serve as foundational data for formulating seafood trading strategies.