옵서버프로그램 기반 국제어업 관리 수단의 경제적 가치추정

Abstract

본 연구는 국제어업관리수단의 여러 형태 중 하나인 어업모니터링의 옵서버프로그램을 이용해 국제어업관리수단의 경제적 가치를 추정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 조건부가치추정법(Contingent Valuation Method, CVM)을 이용하여 옵서버프로그램에 대한 지불의사액(Willingness To Pay, WTP)을 추정하고 종합적인 결과를 도출하고자 하였다. 옵서버프로그램을 가상시장으로 구축하고 지불수단 및 기간은 5년 동안 매년 부과하는 세금의 형태로 설정하였다. 또한, 지불의사 유도방법은 이중경계 양분선택형(Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice, DBDC)을 이용하였다. 사회경제적 변수와 수산관심변수를 대리변수로 반영했고 초기제시가격은 사전조사와 전문가 협의 등을 통해 도출하였다. 설문조사는 전문기관에 의뢰해 전국 남녀 1,000명을 대상으로 온라인 비대면 일대일 개별면담 형식으로 조사하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, CVM의 DBDC 유형으로 분석한 결과 통계적 유의성이 있는 변수는 수산업에 대한 관심도, 나이, 가구수로 나타났다. 가구수는 음의 부호로 가짐으로써 가구수가 많을수록 지불의사액이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 소득수준은 높을수록 지불의사액이 높을 것으로 예상했으나 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 옵서버프로그램에 대한 지불의사를 나타낸 가구의 비율은 74.2%이며, 한 가구당 매년 12,153원, 연간 총 편익은 약 2,500억 원을 지불할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 현재의 가치로 환산한 결과 5년간 약 1조 1천 7백억 원이 추정되었다. 지불의사의 후속질문을 통해 응답자의 가치 선호도를 파악하였다. 지불 사유는 불법 어업 방지와 해양 생태 보존 및 보호가 각각 31.3%, 22.4%이며 친환경 수산물 소비는 15.9%로 국민들이 환경적 가치에 높은 비중을 두고 있음을 파악하였다.|The international fishing management tools in the distant water industry have various tools, and the basic area includes fishing monitoring. Therefore, fishing monitoring is the starting point and the core tool for sustainable distant water industry. This study will estimate the economic value of international fishing management tools using the observer program, which is a typical example of fishing monitoring. The public value of the observer program is that the observer program includes the value of environmental conservation, industrial value, and social value in the distant water industry, and it has a diverse and public value. Accordingly, it is possible to make a comprehensive estimate by estimating the maximum willingness to pay for the observer program. In this study, the economic value of the observer program was estimated using the conditional value measurement method. The study design was to establish a virtual market for the observer program, and the payment method and payment period were set as a tax imposed annually for 5 years. The double boundary binary choice was used to induce the willingness to pay. For the impact analysis of willingness to pay, socioeconomic variables and fishery interest variables were reflected, and the initial offer price was derived through preliminary surveys, expert consultations, etc. The survey was conducted online and offline by a professional institution for 1,000 men and women nationwide. Based on the collected data, the household willingness to pay was estimated. Through this study, the value of the observer program was estimated by asking the citizens who are the actual demanders about their willingness to pay for the observer program. As a result, the proportion of households that showed willingness to pay was 74.2%, and the majority of the citizens showed willingness to pay for the public value of the observer program, and it was estimated that each household could pay 12,153 won per year for 5 years. As a result of converting this into current value, it was found that about 1.17 trillion won could be generated in 5 years. The results of the study showed that the majority of the citizens supported the operation of the observer program. In particular, it was found that the willingness to pay was not significant with income level. This is interpreted as the respondents highly value the purpose and value of the observer program regardless of income level. In addition, a significant economic value of about 250 billion won per year and about 1.17 trillion won in 5 years was estimated. This shows that there is a sharp difference between the actual operating budget of the observer program, which is 1.38 billion won, which is compiled from the supplier's point of view, and the estimated results from the demand side.