유아교사의 잡 크래프팅 척도 개발과 타당화

Abstract

This study aims to develop and validate a Job Crafting Scale for early childhood teachers, which is possible to measure job crafting performed by early childhood teachers to find the value and meaning of their jobs and work.

To achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher performed the following two tasks. First, the researcher developed a Job Crafting Scale for early childhood teachers. Second, the researcher validated the Job Crafting Scale for early childhood teachers.

The summary of this research process and main results are as follows. First, this study was developed through a Job Crafting Scale for early childhood teachers through literature review, Focus Group Interview, content validity, and preliminary survey. The basic data for the model of the Job Crafting Scale for early childhood teachers were collected through the search of Job Crafting model, Job Crafting Scale, literature related for job and task of early childhood teachers, 2019 Nuri curriculum, etc. In addition, the experiences of job crafting for early childhood teachers were collected through focus group interviews of 10 teachers and director in an early childhood education institution. Based on this process, the initial Job Crafting Scale was composed of 8 factors and 56 items. For the first draft of the Job Crafting Scale, content validity was verified with 10 early childhood education theory and field experts. In the second round of content validity verification, the validity was verified by calculating the average, standard deviation, and CVI(Content Validity Index) values ​​of the items, and the items were modified by reflecting the experts' open-ended opinions. The second draft of the Job Crafting Scale was developed through the first expert's content validity verification, and the draft was revised and supplemented with the third draft of the early childhood teacher's Job Crafting Scale through the second expert's content validity verification. The third draft of the scale consisted of 7 factors and 32 items. For the third draft of the early childhood teacher's Job Crafting Scale, a preliminary survey was conducted on 204 teachers with more than one year of experience, and item quality, construct validity, and reliability were verified. Foremost, as a result of examining the response distribution to check the quality of the item, it was confirmed that it did not exceed the standard value and a normal distribution assumption was possible for all items, which makes it a suitable item to measure the job crafting of early childhood teachers. Also, the difference between the upper group and the lower group was significant in all items, confirming that all items distinguish the group well. In addition, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to verify the construct validity of the third draft. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, three items were deleted, and the final draft of the early childhood teacher's Job Crafting Scale consisted of a total of 6 factors and 29 items. The explanatory variance was 70.04%, satisfying the condition that it must be at least 50-60% (Hair, Anderson et al. 1995). For reliability verification, Cronbach's α value, which is the degree of intra-item agreement for the 6 factors and 29 items finally confirmed, was calculated. As a result, Cronbach's α value of all items was .94, confirming that this scale is a tool that can consistently measure job crafting of early childhood teachers. Second, in order to validate the early childhood teachers' Job Crafting Scale developed in this study, this survey was conducted targeting 342 early childhood teachers with one year of experience. Based on the data collected through this survey, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, discriminant validity, reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity verification were performed. In the confirmatory factor analysis, models of six factors were verified: Cognitive crafting, Curriculum planning crafting, Curriculum implementing crafting, Child relational crafting, Teacher relational crafting, and Parental relational crafting. As a result of examining the suitability and parameter estimation of the research model, it was confirmed that it exceeded the standard. Standardized regression coefficients, AVE, and CR values were calculated for convergent validity verification. As a result of the calculation all values exceeded the suitability criteria, confirming that there is validity. To verify the discriminant validity, correlation coefficients and AVE values were calculated, and the discriminant validity was verified by meeting the corresponding criteria(AVE > , (±2×S.E.)≠1) in all factors. In order to verify reliability, Cronbach's α value of the internal agreement of the item for 6 factors and 29 items was calculated. As a result, the Cronbach's α value of all items was .96, confirming that this scale is a tool that can consistently measure job crafting of early childhood teachers. In order to verify the concurrent validity, a correlation analysis was conducted with JCQ-K(Job Crafting Questionnaire Korean version). As a result of the analysis, all factors were found to have a static correlation, securing validity. Finally, a correlation analysis between job satisfaction and job enthusiasm, known as a result variable of job crafting, was conducted to verify the validity of prediction. In analysis, all of them were found to have a static correlation, and the validity of the predictions was verified. The final Job Crafting Scale for early childhood teachers developed and validated in this study is a 5-point Likert scale which consists of 29 items of 6 factors including Cognitive crafting (5 items), Curriculum planning crafting (4 items), Curriculum implementing crafting (8 items), Child relational crafting (4 items), Teacher relational crafting (4 items), and Parental relational crafting (4 items).