한국의 국민연금제도와 중국의 양로보험제도의 비교연구

Abstract

Abstract

This thesis first investigated the current state of Korean national pension and Chinese old-age pension, and based on this, analyzed the problems of each system. In order to obtain policy suggestions for the development of pension systems in both countries, we will establish a comparison standard of pension systems between the two countries and compare and evaluate them. The purpose of this studyh is to explore pension system reform proposals that can better cope with the aging society through comparative evaluation of the pension systems of the two countries. China's old-age pension system consists of various sub-systems. At present, China's old-age pension system can be broadly divided into the old-age pension system for urban workers, and the old-age pension system for urban and rural residents. The urban workers' old-age pension system is divided into the old-age pension system for civil servants and public institutions, and the old-age pension system for urban enterprise workers. The purpose of this study is to limit Chinese old-age pension system to the old-age pension system for urban enterprise workers, and the old-age pension system for urban and rural residents, and to compare them with the Korean national pension system. The most important problems of the Korea National Pension Service are as follows. The first is the long-term instability of the national pension system. According to the National Pension Service's Financial Estimation Committee(2018), the premium rate is expected to reach 30-40% if the national pension is operated under the pay-as-you-go system. Secondly, the national pension system, as Korea's core pension system, has a wide blind spot and is unable to properly respond to the reduction of poverty among the elderly. Third, it is pointed out that the national pension system is backward because, unlike the income tax system, all income groups pay the same insurance premiums at the same rate. There is also concern that even if the insurance premium ratio between workers and employers is the same, if employers reduce wages instead of paying insurance premiums, the regressiveness of financial resources may increase. Finally, the national pension has a strong redistribution function, but it is not suitable for Korea’s social and cultural environment, and its function is seriously distorted. In Korea, the income of self-employed people has not yet been accurately identified. Like Korea, China has made great efforts to reform the China’s old aged pension system so far. The development of Chinese old-age pension system is a gradual, multi-dimensional and essential institutional reform. At present, China has a multi-dimensional old-age pension system, but due to differences in functions and systems, the "three pillars", that is, basic old-age pension, enterprise pension and occupational pension have developed unevenly. Looking specifically at the problems of China's old-age pension system, 1) the first problem of the old-age pension system is that only 65% of the total population is covered by the old-age pension system. 2) The second problem of old-age pension for urban and rural residents is that the old-age pension benefits level for urban and rural residents is "extremely" low. One reason for this is the low level of growth in individual accounts paid by the insured. 3) The third problem is the financial problem. The pension system is unsustainable if it is not financially supported. Especially, the financial problem of the old-age pension system is the lack of government support for old-age pension system. In addition, the amount of money that the central government provides for basic old-age pension system varies by region. The central government's financial support to the eastern and central-western regions of China is different from each other. Furthermore, subsidies provided by local governments are also regionally different and unsustainable. Since the old-age pension system for urban and rural residents is effectively run by the local government, local governments should have sufficient financial resources, but this is not the case. And the level of premiums paid by the insured persons is generally low. Currently, the biggest problem in China's old-age pension system is the financial problem. The biggest key is how to secure stable finances, and ensure the sustainability of pension system. Of course, this is not only a problem for China, but also for South Korea and other European countries. 4) The problem of the delivery system in Old-age Pension System for urban and rural residents is that the level of control over the old-age pension system is low, supervision is inadequate, and there is a discrepancy with reality.​ So far, the problems of Korea's national pension system and China's old-aged pension system have been compared and analyzed. As in Korea and China, fiscal sustainability must be further strengthened in order for the pension system to develop. To this end, it is desirable to accept the pension reform strategy recommended by the World Bank.