팩토리 디자인의 특성과 환경 디자인 개선이 근로자에게 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

Factory complexes are located in poor residential areas or on the outskirts of cities because land prices are expensive, so there are cases where people are concentrated in locations where land prices are cheap, and industrial complexes are created by the government. The factory complex may have been established as a dream factory during the modernization of Korea's industry, but now it is considered as an environment that harms the aesthetics of the urban environment. I am having a headache because there are no young people coming. In order to solve the problem of population outflow and job shortage in small and medium-sized cities, it is time to improve the environment and design of the factory complex. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation and environment of the factory complex, look at how it can be solved from the design point of view, and suggest ways to improve the perception that it is a place you want to work in and improve the factory working environment through design improvement.

Currently, Busan is declining day by day due to economic downturn, lack of quality jobs, population decline and young people moving out of the country, and the deprivation index, which quantifies the quality of life, is higher than the national average, indicating that the settling conditions are deteriorating and the socioeconomic deficit is serious. The youth population of Busan has decreased by 18.4% over 10 years, which is much higher than the national average of 8.6%, and 200,000 of them have moved to the metropolitan area. In particular, unlike Dongbusan, where Centum City and Gwangalli are located, there is a serious difference in citizens' perceptions of Seobusan, where Sasang Industrial Complex is located, and environmental design needs to be improved to resolve this.

Factory design is to present a direction for improvement by examining the factory industrial complex from the design point of view. If marine design is design for the ocean and public design is design for the public, factory design is, in other words, problem solving from the point of view of design for factory industrial complexes. Architectural design for the exterior and interior of buildings, service design for convenience provision, environmental design for parks and landscaping facilities, urban design for urban planning, and color design, business and management for cognitive perspective.

The Busan Sasang Industrial Complex has a concentration of suppliers of manufacturing-related materials and machinery parts, but its competitiveness is weakening due to aging infrastructure and the decline of key industries. Looking at the status of business workers by district in Busan, Sasang-gu has the third largest number after Jin-gu and Haeundae-gu. The industrial structure of Sasang-gu is a manufacturing-specialized area with a low proportion of the service industry. There are many machine unit parts suppliers and machinery equipment distributors. There are problems in that the scale is small and small, and there are many old companies, so the aging is severe, and the industrial growth rate is low due to the stagnation of the automobile shipbuilding industry. Therefore, the current working environment is poor, and there is a problem of job shortage and job loss in companies, and environmental pollution has a negative impact on the surrounding area and is becoming the main culprit of harming the aesthetics of the city.

Looking at the advanced cases of overseas factory design, there are Vitra House and BMW Central Building in Germany, Calver City and Google Bayview Campus in the US, and their features are built by world-renowned architects, so the exterior design and interior design of the building Its aesthetics are excellent, and you can get a glimpse of the consideration for the working environment of the employees. In addition, it conveys a positive image to people through the combination of cutting-edge technology and environmentally friendly design. However, the factory design of the Sasang Industrial Complex desperately needs improvement, such as a uniform exterior design using gray panel-type materials, a structure in which the interior work space is always exposed, and a poor working environment for workers.

The need for factory design is largely divided into three categories. First, it is necessary to improve efficiency through design improvement of the work environment. Resting and communication spaces for relieving stress are related to work efficiency, not welfare, and have a cost-saving effect from the manager's point of view. Second, it is necessary to resolve the phenomenon of avoidance of local jobs by the young generation. The image of a company affects the process of selecting a company to join, and an environment in which young people can proudly attend is created so that they can have a positive image in the region. Lastly, it is necessary to improve the aesthetics of the city and enhance its image. The Sasang Industrial Complex can also become a local landmark as a tourist attraction, and can contribute to revitalizing the region by reducing environmental pollution and expanding citizen participation through the creation of public spaces.

We propose four ideas to improve the factory design of Sasang Industrial Complex. First, since the entrance is always open for most companies, the workplace is exposed as it is when visiting, and visitors have an inconvenient access flow. Therefore, we propose a design that can communicate by appropriately utilizing transparent and semi-transparent guide walls inside and outside the factory. Second, in order to solve the problem that there are many cases where there is no signboard and information on handling areas and information is not easily known, it is a design that provides information such as handling areas and business history by attaching layout drawings at the entrances of complexes and individual factories. Third, efforts can be made to improve the image and reduce environmental pollution by using advanced technologies such as air shower equipment and solar panels at the entrance. Lastly, it is to turn it into a tourist attraction through exterior design remodeling that utilizes the company's unique attributes.|공장 단지는 영세민 거주지역 또는 도시 외곽에 위치하고 있는데 그 이유는 땅값이 비싸서 땅값이 저렴한 위치에 사람들이 밀집하는 경우도 있고 정부 차원에서 산업 단지를 조성하기 때문이다. 공장 단지는 우리나라 산업의 근대화시기에는 꿈의 공장으로 자리를 잡았을 지 몰라도 현재는 도시환경의 미관을 해치는 환경으로 자리를 잡고 있으며, 열악한 환경과 출퇴근이 불편하고 드센 사람들이 많을 것 같다는 부정적인 인식 때문에 일하러 오는 청년들이 없어서 골머리를 앓고 있다. 중소 도시의 인구 유출 및 일자리 부족 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 공장 단지의 환경과 디자인 개선이 절실한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 현재 공장 단지의 실태와 환경을 분석하고 디자인 관점에서 어떻게 해결할 수 있을지를 살펴보면서 디자인 개선을 통해 일하고 싶은 곳이라는 인식 개선과 공장 근무 환경 개선 방향에 대해 제시하는 것이다.

부산 사상 공단은 제조 관련 소재 및 기계 부품 공급체가 집중되어 있으나 기반 시설 노후화 및 주력 산업의 쇠퇴로 경쟁력이 약화되고 있다. 규모가 작고 영세하며, 오래된 기업이 많아 노후화가 심하고, 자동차조선 산업의 침체로 산업 성장률이 낮은 문제가 있다. 그래서 현재 근로 환경이 불량한 상태로 기업의 구인난과 일자리 감소 문제가 발생하고 환경 공해로 인해 주변 지역에도 부정적인 영향을 끼치고 있으며 도시의 미관을 해치는 주범이 되고 있다. 반면에 해외 팩토리 디자인 선진 사례를 살펴보면 독일의 비트라 하우스와 BMW 센트럴 빌딩, 미국의 칼버시티와 구글 베이뷰 캠퍼스 등이 있으며 이들의 특징은 세계 유수한 건축가들에 의해 지어졌기 때문에 건물의 외관 디자인과 내부 인테리어 디자인 자체의 심미성이 뛰어나며 직원들의 근무 환경을 위한 배려를 엿볼 수 있다. 그리고 첨단 기술의 접목과 환경을 생각한 디자인으로 사람들에게 긍정적인 이미지를 전달한다.

결론적으로 팩토리 디자인을 통해서 낙후된 지역이라는 인식을 벗어나 청년들이 일하고 싶은 환경으로 개선할 수 있다. 중소 업체를 포용한 전체적인 팩토리 디자인은 공적 영역에서 다루어야 하며, 지자체는 예산 부족 등으로 어려움을 겪고 있으나 지역을 떠나는 청년들을 붙잡기 위해서 더 이상 미룰 수 없는 상황에 이르렀다. 사상 공단에 현재 추진중인 32층 기업지원복합센터와 같은 기능적인 건물도 필요하지만 팩토리 디자인 관점에서는 높은 층수와 효율적인 부지 사용 보다는 동대문 DDP와 같이 예술성이 높은 건물이 더 중요하다. 팩토리 디자인을 통해서 사상 공단이 제 2의 센텀시티가 아닌 제 2의 비트라 하우스가 되어 관광 도시 부산과 함께 사상 공단이 활성화되기를 바란다.