필리핀 교육 제도 변화가 교육 격차 해소에 미친 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

Education is the most important tool for anyone to succeed in life. On an individual level, education provides people with economic benefits, and on the social side, education grows the economy. In order to experience this educational effect, the education system must provide quality education. The Philippines, which has long maintained a 10-year education system, has decided to change to a 12-year education system in order to strengthen its international competitiveness, provide quality education for all, and secure employment for its students. Understanding how 12-year education system have been introduced in the Philippines and whether they fit well is essential for this study, as we can grasp the politics, society, culture, and economy of the Philippines. In this paper, I would like to examine whether the Philippines' new education system has contributed to education for all. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this paper. As a quantitative research method, we analyzed the materials of the Philippine National Statistics Office and international education evaluation materials. As a qualitative research method, after conducting a questionnaire survey by distributing a questionnaire, several people were selected and an in-depth interview was conducted. Not only students currently enrolled in the K+12 education system, but also students who graduated before the education system reform, parents, and teachers were selected for the study. To examine the differences between public and private schools among high-quality issues in the Philippines, they were selected from public and private schools in Manila City. After the education system reform, the Philippines participated in international evaluation, increased educational infrastructure and teachers, and made changes such as employment of high school graduates. However, it was pointed out that more education budgets and infrastructure are needed in the field of education, and problems such as a shortage of professional teachers have been pointed out. Also, the technology desired by companies did not match the technology taught in schools. Through this research, we grasped that there is a difference in adaptive ability between public schools and private schools in the Philippines. When external isomorphism occurs without considering variables, the adaptive capacity differs depending on the resources that each person has. Such adaptive capacity has also deepened educational disparities. The Philippines' new education system aims at education for all, but the increased cost of education has created a large number of dropouts. We should understand which parts are currently working and which are not working properly. While increasing educational opportunities, measures must be taken to prevent many dropouts.