산업용 안전모의 성능개선에 관한 연구

Abstract

Since safety helmets are designated as protective equipment to prevent fall accidents under domestic law, a literature review of domestic and foreign laws and related norms and standards was conducted to identify inconveniences and problems caused by wearing safety helmets and to explore elements necessary for performance improvement. In addition, 50 ABE-type safety helmets commercially available from five domestic manufacturers were used in the safety helmet shock absorption test, and the protective performance and role of the safety helmet were presented through a side impact absorption test without performance standards. Regarding the designation of safety helmets as fall risk prevention protective equipment stipulated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the following improvements were confirmed in terms of the function and definition of safety helmets. 1) As a result of analyzing the purpose of use of safety helmets by country, the purpose of safety helmets used in industrial sites in the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, excluding Korea, is to prevent the risk of falling, flying, shock, or electric shock and is used as protective gear to prevent falling accidents. Since it is not recognized, it was found that it is not recognized as fall risk prevention protective equipment. 2) Safety helmets are designed to protect the top of the head from impacts, falls, and flying debris by each country's safety helmet performance standards. To ensure this protection, safety helmets must be able to withstand impact energy values in the range of 49 to 100 J and free fall velocities between 4.427 and 5.458 m/s in friction-less conditions. It is proposed that Korean law should be amended to specify that hard hats designated as fall protection equipment are for impact protection and must be used only for that purpose. 3) Even if protective gear is not used at industrial sites, measures such as facility improvement are necessary to protect workers from harmful and dangerous work. However, there is a need to improve the structure of industrial sites by omitting step-by-step fall prevention measures to prevent fall risks and relying only on the distribution and wearing of the cheapest and easiest to provide safety helmets, through which fall risks can be prevented. A questionnaire was sent to 300 construction site workers in 6 cities and 9 regions of the country who voluntarily agreed to participate. I faxed 260 copies of the original and sent a photo of the response as a reply. Of these, 260 questionnaires were returned, excluding 40 with insufficient information, and were answered in all items, including those expressing subjective opinions. 1) For an integrated safety helmet and safety eye-wear, a light-blocking function is required that removes the brim of the safety helmet and adjusts the safety glasses, it has been shown that people are stressed by the sweat and bad odors generated by headrests and chin straps. 2) Subjective opinions on performance improvement included the introduction and procedures of high-end safety helmets used in developed countries, side impact strength on the side of the safety helmet, and lightening of the safety helmet. A test was conducted on 50 ABE-type safety helmets distributed domestically in accordance with the Protective Equipment Safety Certification Notice No. 2020-35, and the maximum impact energy value was measured. In addition, although there are no performance standards, the side impact range of the safety helmet was arbitrarily set and an optimized side impact absorption test was conducted. 1) According to the safety helmet test performance standards under the Protective Equipment Safety Certification Notice No. 2020-35, the maximum transmitted impact force of the safety helmets of the five companies distributed in the market did not exceed 4,450N It was confirmed that the performance standards were met as the functions of the mother body and attachment were not lost. 2) Safety helmet side impact energy attenuation test, the average for each of the five manufacturers was analyzed to be 4,722~5,267N. 3) According to national safety helmet testing standards and specifications, the maximum transmitted shock value for safety helmets does not exceed 4,450~5,000N, so this value range seems lower or lower than the limit. After examining the reasons why hard hats are ineffective in preventing falls, we decided that the results could be used to suggest legislative changes. In addition, a new safety helmet model was proposed through research on factors affecting construction workers' wearing of safety helmets. It was confirmed that the safety helmets of the five companies currently in use meet the performance standards as the maximum transmitted impact force does not exceed 4,450N, so the functionality of the helmet and the wearer is not lost. Meanwhile, although there are no standards for the side impact force of safety helmets in domestic law, it has been confirmed that the side impact force of safety helmets is more vulnerable than that of government safety helmets. In the future, it is expected that the introduction of a safety helmet side impact performance test method will contribute to reducing industrial accidents through comparative testing of safety helmets used in various forms at home and abroad.