시니어 창업가 역량과 창업지원환경이 창업효능감, 창업의도 및 창업행동에 미치는 영향

Abstract

As of 2022, Korea is an aging society (17.7% elderly), and as of 2021, the average retirement age from the main job is 49.3 years old, and the percentage of involuntary early retirees among retirees is 41.9%, so our society is already experiencing changes in economic and social activities from seniors over 40 years old. In an era of long-term demographic problems that are difficult to solve in the short term and an increasing number of early retirees, it is essential to take systematic measures for seniors and the aging population for the long-term stability and sustainable growth of our economy. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial support environment on entrepreneurial effectiveness, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurial competence consists of technical competence, creative competence, entrepreneurial competence, and managerial competence, and entrepreneurial support environment consists of entrepreneurial education support, start-up funding, successful role models, and social support. The survey was administered to the general public aged 40 and over, and 352 of the 375 responses, excluding 23 non-responses, were empirically analyzed using the Smart PLS 4.0 statistical package. The results of this study are as follows. First, among senior entrepreneurial competencies, the hypothesis that creative, entrepreneurial, and managerial competencies will have a significant effect on entrepreneurial effectiveness is accepted, but the hypothesis that senior technical competencies will have a significant effect is rejected. Second, among the entrepreneurial support environment, the hypothesis that entrepreneurial education support, entrepreneurial funding support, and successful role models will have a significant effect on entrepreneurial effectiveness is accepted, but the hypothesis that social support will have a significant effect is rejected. Third, the hypothesis that entrepreneurial effectiveness will have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention is accepted. Fourth, the hypothesis that entrepreneurial intention will have a significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior is accepted. The theoretical implications of this study are that it provides important directions for the development of entrepreneurship support programs and policies for senior entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurship support environment. In addition, the practical implications are that since entrepreneurial competence requires knowledge, creativity, and experience, and entrepreneurial competence can be continuously developed through individual efforts and external support, more active support for senior entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial activities can improve the probability of entrepreneurial success.