어머니의 양육효능감과 아버지의 양육참여가 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육 스트레스에 미치는 영향

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of mothers' parenting efficacy and fathers' participation in parenting on parenting stress in mothers with early childhood children. To this end, we tried to establish and identify research problems and sub-research problems. The research questions are as follows: [Research Question 1] What is the effect of parenting efficacy of mothers with infants on parenting stress? 1-1. What is the effect of a mother's parenting efficacy on the daily stress caused by raising children, the burden of performing a parental role, and distress? 1-2. What is the relative influence of the mother's parenting efficacy subvariables (confidence in parental roles, difficulties in parental roles) on the daily stress caused by raising children, the burden of performing parental roles, and distress? 1-3. What are the parental role confidence behaviors and parental difficulty behaviors that are highly related to the mother's parenting stress relief? [Research Question 2] What is the effect of parenting participation of fathers with infants on mothers' parenting stress? 2-1. What is the effect of the father's participation in parenting on the daily stress caused by the mother's child rearing, the burden of performing the parental role, and the distress? 2-2. What is the relative influence of the father's parenting participation sub-variables (custodial participation behavior, responsibility for parenting) on the daily stress caused by the mother's child rearing, the burden of performing the parental role, and the distress? 2-3. What behaviors are related to the mother's alleviation of parenting stress and the father's participation in parenting and the behavior that shows responsibility for participation in parenting? To solve this problem, a non-face-to-face survey was conducted on mothers with infants aged 3 to 5 through mobile, and the analysis was based on a total of 304 questionnaires collected. The measures used in the questionnaire were the parenting stress scale of Kim Ki-hyun and Kang Hee-kyung(1997), the parenting efficacy scale of Ahn Ji-young(2001), and the father parenting participation scale of Lee Young-hwan, Lee Ji-sook, and Cho Bok-hee(1999). The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (ver.24) for statistical analysis, and descriptive statistics, simple regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed according to sub-research questions. The results of the study are as follows: First, As a result of examining the influence of the mother's parenting efficacy and the mother's parenting stress, it was found that when the parenting efficacy increased by one unit, the mother's daily stress decreased by -.59 and the parental role burden decreased by -.69 units. As a result of examining the relative influence between each variable of parenting efficacy that affects the sub-variable of parenting stress, it was confirmed that the sub-variable that has a high influence on the mother's daily stress relief, the burden of performing the mother's parental role, and the difficulty of parenting. As a result of examining specific behaviors that represent individual sub-factors of parenting efficacy, which are highly related to mothers' parenting stress relief, there were seven behaviors that were related to daily stress relief, and the behavior that showed the greatest average score difference was found to be ‘often feel that there is no control over the child’. It was followed by ‘Parental role exhausts me’, ‘No matter how hard I try, I don't think I'll ever be a good parent’, ‘I think I'm doing a good job as a parent’, ‘I'm afraid I haven't done the right thing as a parent’ and ‘I'm often worried about disappointing my child’. On the other hand, there were also seven behaviors that were related to easing the burden of mothers' parental roles, and the behavior that showed the greatest difference in average scores was 'often felt that there was no control over the child'. It went on to say, ‘No matter how hard I try, I don't think I'll ever be a good parent’, ‘Parents make me exhausted and exhausted’, ‘Sometimes I feel guilty about neglecting my child’, ‘I'm worried that I haven't done the right thing as a parent’, ‘I'm often worried about disappointing my child’ and ‘I think I'm doing a good job as a parent’. Second, As a result of examining the influence of father's parenting participation and mother's parenting stress, when father's parenting participation increases by -.11 unit, the mother's daily stress decreases by one unit and the parental role burden decreases by -.28 units. As a result of examining the relative influence between each variable of father's parenting participation that affects the sub-variable of parenting stress, the sub-variable that has a high influence on the mother's daily stress relief and the burden and distress of the mother's parental role was identified as parenting participation responsibility. As a result of examining specific behaviors that represent individual sub-factors of fathers' participation in parenting, which are highly related to mothers' parenting stress relief, five behaviors were related to mothers' daily stress relief, and the behavior that showed the greatest average score difference was ‘Ask your child about what happened during the day’. It was followed by ‘Going to buy clothes or toys with your child’, ‘I may delay or give up what I want for my child’, ‘Explaining what your child is curious about well’ and ‘Guiding your child to have the right eating habits’. On the other hand, there were also five behaviors related to easing the burden of mothers' parental roles, and the behavior that showed the greatest difference in average scores was 'Ask your child about what happened during the day'. It was followed by ‘teaching children basic lifestyle habits(brushing their teeth, organizing, etc.)’, ‘taking care of their children's clothes’, ‘teaching them to have the right eating habits’ and ‘making sure that all my actions set an example for their children’. The results of this study are expected to serve as basic data for developing programs or preparing a support system to alleviate parenting stress for mothers.