자동폐쇄식 방화문의 화재감지기 연동방식별 작동지연시간 평가

Abstract

This study is a study on the operation delay of automatic closed fire doors installed on evacuation stairs by fire detector linkage method. In Korea, the performance standards of automatic closed fire doors are detailed under the relevant laws, but there are no detailed standards on how they operate. Therefore, since the operation method of the automatic closed fire door is designed according to the usual design method of the fire facility designer, there may be problems in preventing the spread of smoke depending on the characteristics and circumstances of the building. For this reason, this study used fire simulation for actual buildings (educational research facilities) to check the delay time and smoke inflow into the evacuation staircase during this time before the fire door is closed after the fire occurs by the fire detector linkage method of the automatic closed fire door. In addition, at the time of the closure of the fire door, the respiratory limit line, temperature, visibility, O2 and CO2 concentration were measured at the location of the respiratory limit line of the evacuation staircase, and the results were compared and reviewed with life safety standards. The automatic closed fire door operation method was classified into three categories: (Scenario 1) fire layer detector linkage method, (Scenario 2) fire door exclusive detector linkage method, and (Scenario 3) battery-type fire door linkage method. In addition, the fire detector technical standards were reviewed to set the fire detector operation time in the fire simulation to derive practical results, and the delay time due to the accumulation time of the fire receiver and the operation time of the automatic closure device was reflected. As a result, it was confirmed that smoke inflow occurred into the evacuation staircase after the fire occurred before the automatic closed fire door was closed in all scenarios. In Scenario 1, smoke was not measured at the respiratory limit line of the evacuation staircase until the fire door was closed after the fire broke out, meeting the life safety standards. However, in (Scenario 2) and (Scenario 3), smoke was measured at the respiratory limit line of the evacuation staircase until the fire door was closed after the fire broke out, and the life safety standards were not met. In addition, temperature, visibility, O2 and CO2 concentrations at the respiratory limit line of the evacuation staircase met the life safety standards in all scenarios. In addition, the fire simulation results of this study further confirmed that the distance between the upper frame and the ceiling of the automatic closed fire door functions similar to the smoke boundary wall, thereby minimizing the inflow of smoke into the evacuation staircase after the fire occurs or delaying the inflow time. Therefore, it is necessary to establish detailed standards for the fire detector linkage method of automatic closed fire doors in order to minimize or delay smoke inflow into the evacuation stairs before the automatic closed fire door is closed after a fire occurs. In addition, the fire fighting facility designer should design the fire door installed on the evacuation staircase as a closed fire door as much as possible during the design stage. If the designer needs to design an automatic closed fire door, it is recommended to design a fire detector interlocking method of an automatic closed fire door as a representative fire signal and a fire layer detector interlocking method.