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Isolation, Characterization, and Bioavailability of Calcium-Binding Peptides Derived from Lotus Seed (Nelumbo nucifera) Protein

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Alternative Title
연자육 (Nelumbo nucifera seed) 단백질 유래 칼슘 결합 펩타이드의 분리, 특성 및 생체 이용성
Abstract
연꽃 씨앗(Nelumbo nucifera) 단백질은 우수한 단백질 함량과 영양보조제(nutraceutical) 분야에서의 잠재적인 건강상의 이점으로 높이 평가받고 있습니다. 본 연구는 연꽃 씨앗에서 칼슘 결합 펩타이드를 탐색하고, 주사전자현미경(SEM), 자외선(Ultraviolet), 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FTIR), 라만 분광법을 이용해 칼슘-펩타이드 복합체를 특성화하며, 이 복합체가 마우스 중간엽 줄기세포(mMSCs)의 골아세포 생성(osteoblastogenesis) 및 Caco-2 세포에서의 칼슘 운송에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였습니다. 펩타이드-칼슘 킬레이트를 생성하기 위한 최적 조건은 4% 알칼라아제를 사용하여 얻어졌으며, 이로부터 생성된 가수분해물은 그램당 49.14 µg/mg 의 칼슘 결합 능력을 나타냈습니다. 분광 분석 결과, 칼슘이 아마이드, 카르복실, 카보닐 그룹 및 카르복실레이트 산소 원자를 통해 LSH 와 상호작용하여 LSH-Ca 복합체를 형성하는 것으로 확인되었습니다. 후속 in vitro 실험에서는 LSH-Ca 가 골아세포 발달을 크게 촉진하고 mMSCs 에서의 광물화(mineralization) 과정을 현저히 향상시키는 것으로 나타났습니다. 또한, 이 복합체는 장내 칼슘 흡수 모델로 사용되는 Caco-2 세포에서 칼슘 운송을 강화하는 효과를 보였습니다. 이 연구 결과는 LSH-Ca 의 골아세포 생성 잠재력과 골 건강 증진에 대한 기여를 강하게 시사합니다. 본 연구는 칼슘의 생체 이용률을 개선하고 골 건강을 증진시키기 위한 차세대 칼슘 영양보조제 개발의 이론적 근거를 제공합니다. 키워드: 연꽃 씨앗, 결합 펩타이드, 칼슘, 광물화, 칼슘 운반|Lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera) protein is esteemed for its remarkable protein content and prospective health advantages, especially in nutraceutical applications. This work sought to investigate the calcium-binding peptide from lotus seed, characterize the calcium-peptide complex utilizing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, and evaluate their effects on osteoblastogenesis in murine mesenchymal cells (mMSCs) and calcium transport in Caco2 cells. The ideal circumstances for generating the peptide-calcium chelate were attained using 4% alcalase, resulting in a hydrolysate that exhibited a calcium-binding capacity of 49.14 µg/mg per gram. Spectroscopy analysis revealed that calcium interacted with LSH to form LSH-Ca complexes via amide, carboxyl, carbonyl groups, and carboxylate oxygen atoms. Subsequent in vitro investigations indicated that LSH-Ca greatly facilitated osteoblast development and markedly improved the mineralization process in mMSCs. Furthermore, the compound demonstrated enhanced calcium transport in Caco-2 cells, which function as a model for intestinal calcium absorption. The results strongly indicate the osteoblastogenesis potential of LSH-Ca and their contribution to bone health enhancement. This study's findings provide a theoretical basis for developing novel calcium nutraceutical additives, for future supplements designed to improve calcium bioavailability and promote bone health.
Keywords: Lotus seed, binding-peptide, calcium, mineralization, calcium-transport.
Author(s)
JASMADI
Issued Date
2025
Awarded Date
2025-02
Type
Dissertation
Keyword
Lotus seed, binding-peptide, calcium, mineralization, calcium-transport
Publisher
국립부경대학교 대학원
URI
https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/33996
http://pknu.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000868527
Affiliation
국립부경대학교 대학원
Department
대학원 식품생명과학과
Advisor
Jae-Young Je
Table Of Contents
I. Introduction 1
II. Experimental Section 5
II.1 Materials 5
II.2.Experimental Framework 5
II.3.Protein Isolate Preparation 6
II.4.Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of Lotus Seed Isolate Protein Characterization 7
II.5.Preparation of Lotus Seed Protein Hydrolysates and Calcium Binding Capacity Optimization 8
II.6.Degree of Hydrolysis Determination of Lotus Seed Hydrolysate 9
II.7.Preparation of Calcium-Peptide Complex (LSH-Ca) 10
II.8.Analysis of Calcium Binding Capacity 10
II.9.Calcium‑Peptide Complex Structure Characterization 11
II.9.1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis 11
II.9.2. Analysis of UV spectroscopy 12
II.9.3. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis 12
II.9.4. Raman Spectroscopy Analysis 13
II.9.5. Stability Analysis of LSH-Ca 13
II.10.Assay in Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (mMSCs) experiment 14
II.10.1. Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (mMSCs) Culture 14
II.10.2. Cytotoxicity Assay 14
II.10.3. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Assay 15
II.10.4. Mineralization Assay 16
II.10.5. Protein Expression by Western Blot Analysis 16
II.11.Calcium Transport Effect of LSH-Ca in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers 17
II.11.1. Culture of Caco-2 Cell 17
II.11.2. Cytotoxicity Assay 18
II.11.3. Calcium Transport Study in Caco-2 Cells Monolayers 19
II.12.Isolation and Identification of Calcium Binding Peptides 19
II.13.Statistical Analysis 21
III. Results and Discussion 22
III.1.Protein Isolates of Lotus Seed 22
III.2.Degree of Hydrolysis and Calcium Binding Peptide of Lotus Seed Hydrolysates 23
III.3.Lotus Seed Calcium-Peptide Complex (LSH-Ca) Characteristic 30
III.4.UV Spectroscopy Analysis 33
III.5.Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectra 34
III.6.Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) of Lotus Seed Calcium-Peptide Complex (LSH-Ca) 39
III.7.Stability of Calcium-Peptide Complex (LSH-Ca) 44
III.8.The Effect of Lotus Seed Calcium-Peptide Complex (LSH-Ca) in Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (mMSCs) on Differentiation and Mineralization 45
III.9.Viability and Calcium Transport of Lotus Seed Calcium-Peptide Complex in Caco-2 Cell 56
III.10.Purification, identification, and the future studies of calcium binding peptides 59
IV. Conclusion 64
V. References 65
Degree
Master
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대학원 > 식품생명과학과
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