PUKYONG

Natural Biopolymer-Based Conductive Composites for Soft Electronics

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Alternative Title
소프트 일렉트로닉스를 위한 천연 바이오 폴리머 기반 전도성 복합재
Abstract
The dissertation explores a series of natural biopolymers as innovative hybrid materials that integrate sustainability, mechanical flexibility, and electrical conductivity. The research is aimed at addressing the increasing demand for multifunctional, eco-friendly sensor technologies in health monitoring, environmental sensing, and human-computer interaction. The first study introduces a cellulose/PEDOT:PSS hybrid film enhanced with surface modifiers, such as 11-aminoundecanoic acid, demonstrating remarkable stretchability, biodegradability, and stability under repeated stretch-release cycles, making it highly suitable for continuous physiological and temperature monitoring, offering high sensitivity and low power consumption. Building on this, the second study advances recyclable, ultralow-hysteresis cellulose/PEDOT:PSS films for zero-waste electronics, which maintain electro-mechanical stability after 5000 strain-release cycles, exhibit low hysteresis (3.88% at 100% strain), and demonstrate high sensitivity to subtle motions. Additionally, these films show excellent recovery of both mechanical and electrical properties, further enhancing their potential as ideal materials for long-term wearable devices. Expanding on previous research, the third study develops photo- and thermochromic cellulose-based films incorporating spiropyran molecules and conductive agents, including silver nanowires and PEDOT:PSS. These films exhibit color changes in response to light and temperature, enabling applications such as colorimetric thermometers and transparent heaters, with enhanced conductivity and stability. Building on earlier work with cellulose-based materials, this dissertation also explores gelatin, a renewable, animal-based biopolymer, bridging molecular chemistry, wireless electronics, and AI-driven sensor optimization. Silver nanowires and PEDOT:PSS are integrated into gelatin-based hydrogels, resulting in hysteresis-free (3.49% at 200% strain), stretchable wearable sensors with improved toughness, elasticity, and strain tolerance (up to 200%) when crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). Optimized with machine learning, these sensors are ideal for emotion tracking and vital sign monitoring, highlighting the potential of natural biopolymers such as cellulose and gelatin to create sustainable, multifunctional sensors for advanced healthcare and interactive technologies. Keywords: biopolymers, PEDOT:PSS, silver nanowires, sustainable sensors|이 논문은 지속 가능성, 기계적 유연성, 전기 전도성을 통합한 혁신적인 하이브리드 소재로서 일련의 천연 바이오폴리머를 탐구합니다. 이 연구는 건강 모니터링, 환경 감지 및 인간과 컴퓨터의 상호 작용에서 다기능 친환경 센서 기술에 대한 수요 증가에 대응하기 위한 것입니다. 첫 번째 연구에서는 11-아미노데카노산과 같은 표면 개질제로 강화된 셀룰로오스/PEDOT:PSS 하이브리드 필름을 도입하여 반복적인 신축성, 생분해성 및 안정성에서 뛰어난 신축성, 생분해성 및 안정성을 입증하여 지속적인 생리 및 온도 모니터링에 매우 적합하며 고감도 및 저전력 소비를 제공합니다. 이를 바탕으로 두 번째 연구에서는 5000번의 스트레인 이형 사이클 후에도 전기 기계적 안정성을 유지하고, 낮은 히스테리시스(100% 스트레인에서 3.88%)를 보이며, 미세한 움직임에 높은 감도를 보이는 제로 폐기물 전자기기용 재활용 가능한 초저히스테리시스 셀룰로스/PEDOT:PSS 필름을 발전시켰습니다. 또한 이 필름은 기계적 특성과 전기적 특성 모두에서 뛰어난 회복력을 보여 장기적인 웨어러블 기기에 이상적인 소재로서의 잠재력을 더욱 강화합니다. 이전 연구를 확장한 세 번째 연구에서는 스피로피란 분자와 은 나노와이어 및 PEDOT:PSS를 포함한 전도성 물질을 통합한 광 및 감온 셀룰로오스 기반 필름을 개발했습니다. 이러한 필름은 빛과 온도에 반응하여 색이 변하기 때문에 비색 온도계나 투명 히터와 같은 애플리케이션에 사용할 수 있으며 전도성과 안정성이 향상됩니다. 셀룰로오스 기반 소재에 대한 이전 연구를 바탕으로 이 논문에서는 재생 가능한 동물성 바이오폴리머인 젤라틴을 분자 화학, 무선 전자공학, AI 기반 센서 최적화의 가교로 활용하고 있습니다. 은 나노와이어와 PEDOT:PSS를 젤라틴 기반 하이드로젤에 통합하여 글루타르알데히드(GA)와 교차 결합할 경우 인성, 탄성 및 변형 내성(최대 200%)이 향상된 히스테리시스가 없는(200% 스트레인에서 3.49%) 신축성 웨어러블 센서를 만들 수 있습니다. 머신러닝에 최적화된 이 센서는 감정 추적 및 생체 신호 모니터링에 이상적이며, 셀룰로오스 및 젤라틴과 같은 천연 생체 고분자가 첨단 헬스케어 및 인터랙티브 기술을 위한 지속 가능한 다기능 센서를 만들 수 있는 잠재력을 강조합니다. 키워드: 생체 고분자, PEDOT:PSS, 은나노와이어, 지속 가능한 센서
Author(s)
WIBOWO ANKY FITRIAN
Issued Date
2025
Awarded Date
2025-02
Type
Dissertation
Keyword
biopolymers, PEDOT:PSS, silver nanowires, sustainable sensors
Publisher
국립부경대학교 대학원
URI
https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/34009
http://pknu.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000865369
Alternative Author(s)
ANKY FITRIAN WIBOWO
Affiliation
국립부경대학교 대학원
Department
대학원 스마트그린기술융합공학과
Advisor
Yong Hyun Kim
Table Of Contents
Chapter I. Introduction 1
I.1. Stretchable and Wearable Electronics 1
I.2. Green and Biodegradable Electronics 2
I.3. Hydrogel for Soft Electronics 4
I.4. Natural Biopolymer for Stretchable Devices 6
I.5. Conductive Materials 9
I.6. Strain Sensor 17
I.7. Temperature Sensor 23
I.8. Color Switchable Sensor 24
I.9. Wireless Sensor System and Machine Learning 27
Chapter II. Universal Stretchable Conductive Cellulose/PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Films for Multifunctional Sensors 32
II.1. Introduction 32
II.1.1. Stretchable Electronics 32
II.1.2. Stretchable Biopolymer Matrix 33
II.1.3. State-of-the-Art of Stretchable PEDOT:PSS 34
II.1.4. Research Outcomes 36
II.2. Experimental Method 37
II.3. Result and Discussion 39
II.3.1. Optimization of Cellulose and PEDOT:PSS 39
II.3.2. Electro-Mechanical of PEDOT:PSS-coated/cellulose 41
II.3.3. Degradability and Structure Morphology 44
II.3.4. Human Motion Sensor Performances 45
II.3.5. Temperature Sensor Performances 47
II.4. Conclusions 48
Chapter III. Recyclable, Ultralow-Hysteresis, Multifunctional Wearable Sensors Based on Water-Permeable, Stretchable, and Conductive Cellulose/PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Films 49
III.1 Introduction 49
III.1.1. Stretchable and Green Electronics 49
III.1.2. Cellulose-based for Wearable Devices 50
III.1.3. State-of-the-Art of Stretchable PEDOT:PSS 51
III.1.4. Research Outcomes 53
III.2. Experimental Method 54
III.3. Result and Discussion 57
III.3.1. Mechanical Properties 57
III.3.2. Electro-Mechanical Properties 59
III.3.3. Electro-Thermal Properties 61
III.3.4. Human Motion Sensor Performances 63
III.3.5. Human Motion Sensor of Recycled Composites 65
III.4. Conclusions 67
Chapter IV. Multiple Functionalities of Highly Conductive and Flexible Photo- and Thermal-Responsive Colorimetric Cellulose Films 68
IV.1. Introduction 68
IV.1.1. Photochromic Materials 68
IV.1.2. Cellulose-based Devices 69
IV.1.3. State-of-the-Art of Spiropyran based functional materials 70
IV.1.4. Research Outcomes 70
IV.2. Experimental Method 71
IV.3. Result and Discussion 72
IV.3.1. Photochromism mechanism and Schematic 72
IV.3.2. Photo-/Thermochromism Switching 73
IV.3.3. Flexible Colorimetric Heater 76
IV.4. Conclusions 78
Chapter V. Ultralow Hysteresis, Soft, Skin-Mimicking Gelatin Hydrogels with Embedded Silver Nanowires/PEDOT:PSS for Machine Learning-Assisted Wearable Sensors 79
V.1. Introduction 79
V.1.1. Organic-based Hydrogel 79
V.1.2. Gelatin and Crosslinking Agent 80
V.1.3. State-of-the-Art of Gelatin-based Hydrogel 81
V.1.4. Research Outcomes 82
V.2. Experimental Method 83
V.3. Result and Discussion 86
V.3.1. Tensile Curve of Doped-Gelatin 86
V.3.2. Raman Spectra of PEG/Gly-Gelatin 87
V.3.3. Raman Spectra of GA-treated PEG/Gly-Gelatin 89
V.3.4. Resistance and Tensile Properties 91
V.3.5. Hysteresis and Gauge Factor 92
V.3.6. Electro-Mechanical Properties 95
V.3.7. Weight Loss and Swelling Ratio 97
V.3.8. Human Motion Sensor Performances 98
V.3.9. Wireless Motion Sensor and Machine-Learning 100
V.4. Conclusions 102
References 103
Acknowledgement 112
Degree
Doctor
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