계단실 제연설비의 가압영역 설정에 따른 제연구역 급기량 및 기밀성능 평가

Abstract

In this study, field measurements and analyses were conducted to evaluate the airtightness performance of stairwell pressurization systems according to different pressurization methods. Through this, improvement plans and quantitative design guidelines for pressurization systems in smoke control areas were presented. First, by analyzing previous studies and technical standards related to smoke control systems, three pressurization methods (stairwell-only, vestibule-only, and simultaneous pressurization) were established as experimental scenarios. In addition, physical characteristics that affect the airtightness performance of smoke control areas (building height, temperature difference, structural characteristics) were derived through literature review. Field measurements were conducted in an 11-story office building using blower door equipment. A total of three experimental groups were tested according to seasonal variations (winter, spring, and fall) to analyze the stack effect impact. The airtightness data for each pressurization method was obtained by measuring air leakage rates at different pressure differences. After measurements, the results compared air leakage coefficients, flow exponents, and effective leakage areas through statistical analysis. As a result of comparing the air leakage characteristics for each pressurization method, the simultaneous pressurization showed the highest total leakage rate of 3,149 m³/h at 50Pa, but demonstrated the most stable pressure distribution. The results were statistically significant (P<0.05). As a result of comparing seasonal variations, winter measurements showed the highest impact of stack effect with maximum pressure differences of 18.9Pa in the stairwell. This indicates the need for additional pressurization capacity during cold seasons to maintain proper pressure differentials. Lastly, analysis of the relationship between building characteristics and airtightness performance showed that leakage areas were predominantly concentrated in door gaps (61.3%) and utility penetrations (22.9%), suggesting the need for enhanced sealing in these areas. Based on the measurement results, quantitative guidelines for required air supply rates according to pressurization methods are proposed. The study suggests that simultaneous pressurization requires supply rates of 3.36 m³/h per cubic meter of protected space volume. This provides basic design data for smoke control system capacity calculations. Therefore, this study quantitatively analyzed the airtightness performance of smoke control areas through field measurements and derived scientific results using standardized testing methods. In particular, by comprehensively analyzing multiple pressurization methods and seasonal variations, this research provides practical insights into the dynamic characteristics of smoke control systems. The study's findings on the relationship between building physical characteristics and airtightness performance offer valuable guidelines for both new construction and retrofit applications. Furthermore, the quantitative data on required air supply rates and pressure distributions contributes significantly to the standardization of design practices for building pressurization systems. These results are expected to serve as fundamental reference data for improving smoke control system design standards and establishing more effective safety guidelines for high-rise buildings.