바르셀로나 도시확장계획의 평등주의적 특성에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study examines how Ildefons Cerdà's egalitarian ideals were embodied and implemented through the grid-system in Barcelona’s urban expansion plan. Confronting the challenges of industrialization, urban overcrowding, and poor living conditions for the working class, Cerdà conceived an organic grid system as a foundational framework for sustainable urban growth. His approach extended beyond conventional geometric and efficient urban designs, envisioning the grid as a dynamic structure fostering the city’s adaptability and continuous development. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Cerdà’s grid-system was conceived to facilitate not only the spatial expansion of Barcelona but also its integrated and organic growth, ensuring the city’s functionality across multiple dimensions. The urban block unit, referred to as the Manzana, was carefully designed to integrate diverse urban functions, facilitate the equitable distribution of infrastructure and public amenities, and promote the cohesive operation of the city as a unified entity. Second, unlike many contemporary utopian egalitarian thinkers, who were often criticized for holding impractical ideals, Cerdà distinguished himself by emphasizing the practicality of his plans through empirical and scientific methodologies. Third, he prioritized the integration of the old city with the new, allowing for adjustments to the grid-system to preserve historical continuity while promoting modernization. This adaptability balanced efficiency with the city’s identity, supporting a sustainable and harmonious urban development process. The findings underscores the significance of Barcelona’s urban expansion plan as a model for addressing contemporary urban challenges. While Barcelona's grid system has demonstrated its capacity for organic evolution and functional adaptation over 160 years, urban development in other contexts, such as South Korea, has often prioritized high-density construction and floor-area ratios, leading to problems such as monotonous skylines and insufficient public spaces. For instance, the redevelopment of aging residential areas in cities like Busan has frequently resulted in high-rise apartment complexes or urban decay, contrasting sharply with Barcelona’s preservation of urban identity through its integrated and flexible planning. However, this study also acknowledges several limitations. While it primarily focuses on the original intentions and conceptual foundations of Cerdà’s plan within the context of 19th-century industrialization, it provides only a limited analysis of the modifications made during its implementation and its subsequent evolution in modern Barcelona. Additionally, due to constraints in data availability, the study does not comprehensively address the social reactions, policy execution processes, or the full scope of the plan's long-term impacts on the city. Future research should employ quantitative methodologies and conduct multi-dimensional analyses to investigate the applicability of such systems in contemporary urban contexts, with particular attention to socio-economic and cultural variations. This study demonstrates how Cerdà’s egalitarian principles were intricately woven into the system’s design, resulting in a robust and adaptable framework that remains a source of inspiration for contemporary urban planning, particularly in fostering urban cohesion, preserving identity, and enhancing resilience.