시선추적 기술을 통한 시각경보장치 주목성 평가

Abstract

This study evaluated the conspicuity of Visual Alarm Devices(VAD) and proposed performance technical standards through real-world experiments, interviews, and surveys. Factors influencing VAD conspicuity, such as color(white, red, green) and luminous intensity(15 cd, 80 cd, 150 cd), were examined by measuring Entry Time across nine cases to quantitatively assess conspicuity. Additionally, interviews and surveys were conducted to evaluate the affordance of VADs. The real-world experiments involved 20 participants per case, with a total of 180 participants. Eye-tracking technology was used to measure Entry Time, defined as the time taken to first focus on the VAD. Based on the collected data, group mean differences and interaction effects of influencing factors were analyzed, and frequency analysis of survey responses was conducted. The analysis showed that red and green demonstrated higher conspicuity compared to white. Notably, even under low luminous intensity conditions (15 cd), significant differences in Entry Time were observed for red and green. The analysis of luminous intensity revealed that conspicuity increased with higher luminous intensity. For white, significant improvements were observed only at 150 cd, whereas red and green showed 94.0% and 80.2% higher conspicuity, respectively, even at 15 cd. The interaction between color and luminous intensity further enhanced conspicuity. Red and green exhibited high conspicuity at 15 cd, which further improved at 80 cd and above. These findings highlight the importance of an integrated design approach that considers both color and luminous intensity in VAD design. Survey results revealed that red and green VADs were perceived as more effective in conveying hazard awareness and prompting evacuation behavior compared to white under all luminous intensity conditions. The findings provided performance technical standards for improving the conspicuity of VADs. The real-world experiments demonstrated that, compared to the current standard of white at 15cd, Entry Time was reduced by 59.6% to 98.9 %, indicating significantly higher conspicuity. While white showed notable improvements at 150 cd, red and green demonstrated significant differences even at 15 cd. Furthermore, the analysis considering evacuation perception confirmed that red and green are suitable colors for effectively delivering alarm signals. Thus, the study proposes red and green at 15 cd or higher as performance standards satisfying both conspicuity and affordance criteria. This study evaluated VAD conspicuity through Entry Time measurements and proposed performance technical standards. However, the proposed standards are based on experiments conducted in specific environments, necessitating further research for broader applicability. Future studies should incorporate variables such as age, gender, eyewear use, and red-green color blindness, while expanding the scope to establish more generalized and inclusive standards.