편심 하중 플라이오메트릭 훈련이 대학생 허들 선수의 스타트와 첫 번째 허들기술에 미치는 영향

Abstract

This study divided college students majoring in hurdle events into three groups: AEPT (8 participants), LPT (8 participants), and CON (8 participants), to compare the effects of different enhancement training methods on the start and first hurdle-crossing techniques in hurdle racing. In terms of start technique, the study primarily focused on comparing the impact of different enhancement training on the initiation time of the swing leg and the take-off leg, as well as the angular velocities of the hip, knee, and ankle joints of both legs during the start of hurdle racing. Additionally, it analyzed the changes in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the major muscles in both legs. When it comes to crossing the first hurdle, the study emphasized the comparison of various training methods' effects on the take-off leg's contact time during the take-off phase, the angular velocities of the hip, knee, and ankle joints of the take-off leg, the take-off distance, and the body's center of gravity height during the hurdle-crossing. It also examined the swing leg's contact time during the landing phase, the angular velocities of the hip, knee, and ankle joints of the swing leg, the landing distance, and the knee joint angle of the swing leg. Furthermore, the study analyzed the changes in EMG activity of the major muscles in both legs during the take-off and landing phases. The results are as follow: 1. During the start phase, LPT training significantly reduced the push-off time of the take-off leg. At the same time, it significantly increased the activity of the vastus lateralis muscle of the swing leg. This suggests that LPT training has an advantage in enhancing athletes' start explosive power and acceleration. 2. In contrast, AEPT training demonstrated more significant advantages in hurdle technique. During the hurdle-crossing phase, the AEPT training group showed a significant reduction in the ground contact time of the take-off leg. Additionally, there was a notable decrease in the center of gravity height during hurdle-crossing. This indicates the positive impact of AEPT training on the continuity of hurdle technique and control of the center of gravity. 3. Overall, AEPT training helps improve technical stability and rhythm control in hurdle events. On the other hand, LPT training exhibits more pronounced effects in enhancing start explosive power and speed. Based on the above research results, Considering the unique benefits of different training methods in the start and hurdle-crossing phases, coaches should design phased training sessions. Initially, focus on LPT to boost athletes' start explosive power, gradually introducing AEPT to enhance hurdle technique continuity and stability. Combining AEPT and LPT could further improve overall performance. AEPT, particularly effective in hurdle center of gravity control and ground contact time, should be explored more in hurdle technique training. Meanwhile, integrating LPT will optimize start explosive power and technical stability. Future research should expand samples to athletes from other track and field events to explore the application of elastic band training and provide support for specialized training. Keywords: Start Technique, Hurdle Technique, Accentuated Eccentric Plyometric Training