Development of an Electrochemical Sensor for Quantitative Detection of Chemically Converted Biliverdin: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Hyperbilirubinemia
- Alternative Title
- 현장 진단용 고빌리루빈혈증 검출을 위한 화학적 전환 빌리베르딘의 정량 분석 전기화학 센서 개발
- Abstract
- Free-unconjugated bilirubin (BR) is a crucial biomarker of liver function and its related disorders. Electrochemical BR detection suffers due to insolubility and electrode fouling nature. This study demonstrates a new approach to the electrochemical investigation of biliverdin (BV), obtained from Au3+-assisted BR oxidation. The BR oxidation reaction was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy, demonstrating Au3+ as a suitable oxidant for complete BR oxidation within 3 min with a molar ratio of 1.67. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques were used to investigate the BV on poly (aminobenzoic acid) (PABA) modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPE). The fabricated SPE/PABA electrode was developed by potential-dynamic technique and characterized using physicochemical and electrochemical methods. BV was electrochemically oxidized at 0.32 V in a buffer with pH 8.5. The SPE/PABA shows selective BV oxidation, reduced fouling, and enables a broad range of BV detection. The sensor shows a high sensitivity and linear range of 0.115 μA μM-1 cm-2 and 5 to 440 μM, respectively with a limit of detection of 0.9 μM. Additionally, the sensor exhibited good reproducibility and high selectivity in the presence of potential electroactive biomolecules. The analysis of human serum spiked samples shows promising results, suggesting potential applications in the diagnosis of bilirubin-related disorders.|Bilirubin (BR)은 간 기능 및 관련 질환 진단에 있어 중요한 바이오마커로 알려 져 있음. 그러나 BR은 낮은 수용성과 전극 오염 특성으로 인해 기존의 전기화 학적 검출 방식에 한계가 있음. 본 연구에서는 삼가 금이온을(Au³⁺)을 이용한 BR의 산화 반응을 통해 생성된 Biliverdin (BV)을 기반으로 하는 새로운 전기화 학 분석 전략을 제안함. BR 산화 반응은 자외선-가시광선(UV-Vis) 분광법을 통 해 분석되었으며, Au³⁺는 BR 대비 1.67의 몰비에서 3분 이내에 완전 산화를 유 도하는 효과적인 산화제로 확인됨. 생성된 BV는 폴리(아미노벤조산)(PABA)로 기능화된 스크린 프린팅 탄소 전극(SPE)을 이용하여 순환 전압전류법(CV)과 암 페로메트리 분석으로 전기화학적으로 조사됨. SPE/PABA 전극은 전위-동적 기 법으로 제작되었으며, 물리화학적 및 전기화학적 특성 분석을 통해 평가됨. BV 는 pH 8.5 완충 용액에서 0.32 V에서 산화되었으며, 해당 센서는 선택적인 BV 산화, 낮은 전극 오염, 그리고 넓은 농도 검출 범위를 나타냄. 감도는 0.115 μA μM⁻¹cm⁻², 선형 검출 범위는 5–440 μM, 검출 한계(LOD)는 0.9 μM으로 측정 되었음. 또한, 본 연구에서 개발한 센서는 전기활성 가능성이 있는 생체분자가 존재하는 조건에서도 우수한 재현성과 높은 선택성을 입증함. 인체 혈청 첨가 샘플 분석에서도 유의미한 결과를 도출하였으며, 빌리루빈 관련 질환의 진단 에 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 제시함.
- Author(s)
- KHAN MD MAHBUBUR RAHMAN
- Issued Date
- 2025
- Awarded Date
- 2025-08
- Type
- Dissertation
- Keyword
- Electrochemical sensor, Electropolymerization, Bilirubin, Biliverdin, Screen-printed electrode.
- Publisher
- 국립부경대학교 대학원
- URI
- https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/34301
http://pknu.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000901154
- Affiliation
- 국립부경대학교 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 4차산업융합바이오닉스공학과
- Advisor
- Joong Ho Shin
- Table Of Contents
- 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Research Background 1
1.2. Related Research Trend 4
1.3. Research Purpose 6
2. Conceptual Overview 7
2.1. Bilirubin Chemical Oxidation Reaction 7
2.2. Fabrication of PABA-Modified SPE 9
2.3. Electrochemical Analysis of Biliverdin using SPE/PABA 10
3. Materials and Experimental 11
3.1. Chemicals and Reagents 11
3.2. Instrumentation 11
3.3. Au3+-Assisted Bilirubin Oxidation 12
3.3.1. UV-Vis Spectroscopy Analysis 12
3.3.2. LC-MS/MS Analysis 13
3.4. Electrochemical Polymerization of 4-ABA into PABA 14
3.5. Electrochemical Investigation of SPE/PABA 15
3.5.1. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) 15
3.5.2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 15
3.6. Physicochemical Characterization of SPE/PABA 16
3.6.1. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) 16
3.6.2. Raman Spectroscopy 17
3.6.3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 17
3.7. Electrochemical Oxidation of Biliverdin using SPE/PABA 18
3.7.1. pH Effect on Electrochemical Oxidation of Biliverdin 18
3.7.2. Cyclic Voltammetry 18
3.7.3. Amperometry 19
3.8. Specificity Study 20
3.9. Stability and Reproducibility 21
3.10. Recovery Study 22
3.11. Real Sample Analysis 22
3.12. Comparison of Electrochemical Method and Standard Method 23
4. Results and Discussion 24
4.1. Analysis of Bilirubin Oxidation Reaction 24
4.1.1. UV-Vis Spectroscopy Analysis 24
4.1.2. LC-MS/MS Analysis 26
4.2. Electrochemical Investigation of SPE/PABA 27
4.2.1. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) 27
4.2.2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 31
4.3. Physicochemical Characterization of SPE/PABA 32
4.3.1. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) 32
4.3.2. Raman Spectroscopy 33
4.3.3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 34
4.4. Electrochemical Oxidation of Biliverdin at SPE/PABA Electrode 37
4.4.1. pH Effect on Electrochemical Oxidation of Biliverdin 37
4.4.2. Cyclic Voltammetry 39
4.5. Amperometry 40
4.6. Specificity Study 42
4.7. Stability and Reproducibility 44
4.8. Recovery Study 45
4.9. Real Sample Analysis 47
4.10. Comparison of Electrochemical Method and Standard Method 48
5. Conclusions 50
6. Reference 52
- Degree
- Master
-
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