PUKYONG

Flexible repair patches for X-ray shielding garment via in-situ co-solvation synthesis

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Alternative Title
In-situ 공 용매 합성법을 통한 X선 차폐재 수리용 유연 패치 합성
Abstract
Currently, lead-based radiation-shielding garments are typically subject to complete replacement even when minor cracks or damage occur. This practice results in the disposal of undamaged portions, leading to unnecessary waste of usable resources and an increased environmental burden. In this study, we propose a flexible repair patch that allows for the simple restoration of damaged shielding garments. The patch was synthesized by effectively dispersing bismuth triiodide (BiI3) into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using an in-situ co-solvent method. The patch was attached to damaged lead–rubber shielding materials via a simple thermal adhesion process. The repaired lead–rubber (thickness: 1.12 ± 0.026 mm) exhibited a shielding efficiency of 94.72% at 60 kV, corresponding to a recovery of 98.91% of its original performance. In addition to excellent X-ray shielding properties, the repair patch demonstrated outstanding flexibility and durability in various bending tests. This partial repair strategy using the proposed patch can effectively extend the service life of currently commercialized radiation- shielding garments while simultaneously reducing unnecessary material waste, thereby contributing to more environmentally sustainable usage.|현재 사용되고 있는 납 기반의 방사선 차폐복은 미세한 균열이나 손상이 발생하면 전체 제품을 교체 하는 것이 일반적이다. 이에 따라 손상되지 않은 부분까지 폐기됨으로써 사용할 수 있는 자원의 불필요한 낭비와 환경적 부담이 증가하는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 방사선 차폐복의 손상을 간편하게 수리할 수 있는 유연한 수리 패치를 제안한다. 해당 패치는 in-situ 공 용매 합성법을 통해 비스무트 삼 요오드화물(BiI3)을 열가소성 폴리우레탄(TPU)에 효과적으로 분산시켜 제작되었으며, 열처리 접착 방식으로 손상된 납 고무 차폐 물질에 부착된다. 수리된 차폐용 납 고무(두께: 1.12 ± 0.026 mm)는 60kV 에서 94.72%의 차폐율을 보였다. 이는 손상 전 납 고무 복합체 성능의 98.91%에 해당하는 성능을 회복한 수치이다. 또한 수리 패치는 우수한 X선 차폐 성능뿐만 아니라 다양한 굽힘 시험에서도 뛰어난 유연성과 내구성을 보였다. 이러한 수리 패치를 활용한 부분적인 수리는 현재 상용화된 방사선 차폐복의 수명을 효과적으로 연장함과 동시에, 불필요한 자원 낭비를 줄여 보다 환경친화적인 사용에 이바지 할 것이다.
Author(s)
강석규
Issued Date
2025
Awarded Date
2025-08
Type
Dissertation
Keyword
X-ray shielding, Thermoplastic polyurethane, Repair patch, Bismuth iodide, Thermal transfer method
Publisher
국립부경대학교 대학원
URI
https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/34326
http://pknu.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000897130
Alternative Author(s)
SeokGyu Kang
Affiliation
국립부경대학교 대학원
Department
대학원 신소재시스템공학과
Advisor
Junghwan Kim
Table Of Contents
I. Introduction 1
1. Radiation and Shielding Theory 1
1.1. Definition and Classification of Radiation 1
1.1.1 The Nature and Classification of Radiation 1
1.1.2 Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation 2
1.2. Types and Characteristics of Radiation 3
1.2.1 Alpha Radiation 3
1.2.2. Beta Radiation 4
1.2.3 Neutron Radiation 5
1.2.4 Gamma Radiation 6
1.2.5 X-rays 7
1.3. Physical Quantities and Dosimetric Concepts in Radiation 10
1.3.1 Activity 11
1.3.2 Exposure 11
1.3.3 Absorbed Dose 11
1.3.4 Equivalent Dose 12
1.3.5 Effective Dose 13
1.4. Interaction Between Radiation and Matter 13
1.4.1 Photoelectric effect 13
1.4.2 Compton scattering 15
1.4.3 Pair production 17
1.4.4 Dominant Photon-Matter Interaction Mechanisms by Energy Range 18
1.5. Radiation Shielding Performance Indicators 19
1.5.1 Linear/Mass Attenuation Coefficient 19
1.5.2 Half-Value Layer (HVL) and Tenth-Value Layer (TVL) 21
1.5.3 Mean Free Path (MFP) 23
1.5.4 Lead Equivalent Thickness 25
2. Polymer Materials 27
2.1. Concept and Classification of Polymers 27
2.1.1 Definition and General Characteristics of Polymers 27
2.1.2 Classification According to Polymerization Methods 29
2.1.3 Classification by Physical State: Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymers 31
2.2. Characteristics of Thermoplastic Polymers 32
2.2.1 Molecular Structure and Processability of Thermoplastics 32
2.2.2. Mechanical and Thermal Properties and Application Potential of Thermoplastic Polymers. 34
2.2.3 Advantages in Composite Design 35
2.3. Structure and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) 36
2.3.1 Fundamental Structure and Synthesis Principle of TPU 36
2.3.2Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of TPU 38
2.3.3 Suitability for Radiation‑Shielding Composites 39
3. Bismuth Triiodide (BiI3) 40
3.1. General Characteristics of Bi and Its Potential for X-Ray Shielding 40
3.2. Properties of BiI3 and Its Potential as a Shielding Filler 41
4. Current Research Trends of Radiation Shielding Materials 42
5. Distinctiveness and Significance of this Study 46
II. Experimental Section 48
1. Materials 48
2. Synthesis Thermal Repair Patch (TPU/BiI3) 50
3. Repair Methods 53
4. Characterization Methods 54
III. Results and Discussion 56
1. Sample Appearance 56
2. FT-IR Analysis 58
3. XPS Analysis 61
4 . Radiation Shielding Performance 69
5. Repair Performance Evaluation 72
6. Durability and Stability Tests 74
6.1. Bending test 74
6.2. Water resistance 77
7. SEM and EDS Analysis 81
8. Thermal Properties (TGA and DTG Analysis) 86
IV. Conclusion 89
V. References 91
VI. Abstract (Korean) 126
Degree
Master
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대학원 > 신소재시스템공학과
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