HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN NEPAL: IMPACTS, CHALLENGES AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
- Alternative Title
- 네팔에 수력 발전과 기후 변화: 영향, 과제 및 적응 방안
- Abstract
- 본 논문은 기후변화와 네팔 수력발전 개발 간의 다양한 측면의 상호작용을 고찰한다.
빙하 후퇴, 강수 패턴 변화, 극한 기상 현상이 에너지 생산에 필수적인 수문 시스템에
어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 심층 사례 연구와 부탄과의 비교 분석을 통해
네팔 수력발전 부문의 회복력을 저해하는 주요 취약성과 정책적 한계를 규명하였다.
또한, 통합 유역 관리, 저수지 최적화, 조기 경보 시스템과 같은 적응 전략을 평가하였다.
연구 결과는 장기적인 에너지 안보와 지속 가능성을 보장하기 위해 통합된 기후 계획
및 국가 간 협력의 시급한 필요성을 강조한다.|This thesis examines the complex interplay between climate change and hydropower development in Nepal. It examines how glacial retreat, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events affect hydrological systems crucial to energy production. Through in- depth case studies and a comparative analysis with Bhutan, the study identifies critical vulnerabilities and policy limitations undermining the resilience of Nepal’s hydropower sector. It also evaluates adaptation strategies such as integrated watershed management, reservoir optimization, and early warning systems. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated climate planning and cross-border collaboration to ensure long-term energy security and sustainability.
- Issued Date
- 2025
- Awarded Date
- 2025-08
- Type
- Dissertation
- Publisher
- 국립부경대학교 대학원
- Alternative Author(s)
- Tamang Malati
- Affiliation
- 국립부경대학교 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 국제지역학과
- Advisor
- Ahn Sang Wuk
- Table Of Contents
- Chapter One: Introduction 1
1.1. Climate Change and Glacier Melting in the Himalayas 1
1.2. Problem Statement 3
1.3. Research Objectives and Questions 4
1.4. Scope and Significance of the Study 6
1.5. Structure of the Thesis 7
Chapter Two: Theoretical Framework and Methodology 10
2.1. Theoretical Framework 10
2.2. Research Design and Methodology 11
2.2.1. Case Selection 11
2.2.2. Data Collection 11
2.2.3. Data Analysis 12
2.2.4. Limitations 12
Chapter Three: Literature Review 13
3.1. Global and Regional Perspectives on Climate Change and Hydropower. 13
3.2. Climate Change and Hydropower in Nepal 19
3.3. Research Gaps and Contribution to This Study 20
3.4. Chapter Summary 21
Chapter Four: History of hydropower development in Nepal 23
4.1. Early development 23
4.2. Further Growth and Expansion of Hydroelectric Projects 24
4.3. Increase in demand and the beginning of Loadshedding 26
4.4. Current situation of hydropower in Nepal 28
4.5. Hydropower Projects under Development, Planned, and Proposed by NEA 29
4.6. Hydropower Projects under Development and Planned by IPP 29
4.7. Chapter Summary 29
Chapter Five: Nepal’s Energy Statistics and Trends 31
5.1. Electricity Generation and Consumption Trends 31
5.2. Total Electricity Production of Nepal (2000–2023) 33
5.3. Electrification and Energy Access in Nepal 34
5.4. Energy Mix of Nepal 35
5.5. Carbon Emissions and Environmental Impact 36
5.6. Evolution of Emissions from Power Generation by Source in Nepal Since 2000 37
5.7. Chapter Summary 38
Chapter Six: Climate Change Impacts on Nepal’s Hydropower 40
6.1. Overview of Climate Change Effects on Hydropower 40
6.2. Temperature Rise, Glacier Retreat, and Flow Seasonality 42
6.3. Precipitation Patterns and Extreme Weather Events 43
6.4. River Flow and Hydropower Generation Impacts 444
6.5. Regional Case Studies: Sun Koshi, Kali Gandaki, Upper Tamakoshi 46
6.6. Vulnerability to Climate Extremes 47
6.7. Chapter Summary 48
Chapter Seven: Challenges in Nepal’s Hydropower Development 50
7.1. Geographical and Geological Constraints 50
7.2. Lack of Storage Capacity and Grid Infrastructure 51
7.3. Financial and Economic Barrier 52
7.4. Policy and Governance Challenges 53
7.5. Environmental and Social Concerns 55
7.6. Regional and Cross-Border Issues 56
7.7. Institutional Capacity and Fragmentation 58
7.8 Chapter Summary 59
Chapter Eight: Comparative Analysis of Climate and Hydropower Policies in Nepal and Bhutan 60
8.1. Context and Rationale for Comparative Analysis 60
8.2. Policy Frameworks and Institutional Context 60
8.3. GLOF and Disaster Risk Preparedness 62
8.4. Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Design 63
8.5. Governance and Cross-Sectoral Coordination 64
8.6. Regional Diplomacy and Power Trade 65
8.7. Lessons for Nepal 65
8.8. Chapter Summary 66
Chapter 9: Adaptation Strategies and Policy Recommendations 68
9.1. Technical and Engineering Adaptation 68
9.2. Operational Improvements and Early Warning Systems 69
9.3. Institutional Strengthening 70
9.4. Financing and Risk Transfer Mechanisms 70
9.5. Policy Integration and Governance Reforms 71
9.6. Cross-Border and Regional Cooperation 72
Chapter Ten: Conclusion 74
10.1. Summary of Key Findings 74
10.2. Contribution to Knowledge and Research Gaps 76
10.3. Final Reflections 78
References 81
- Degree
- Master
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